PENELITIAN DAN PUBLIKASI ILMIAH
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| TAHUN | JUDUL | PENELITI | ABSTRAK |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | Apoptotic and non-apoptotic roles of caspases in placenta physiology and pathology | Beni Lestari, Toshiaki Fukushima, Rohmad Yudi Utomo, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases, are pivotal regulators of apoptosis, the tightly controlled cell death process crucial for eliminating excessive or unnecessary cells during development, including placental development. Collecting research has unveiled the multifaceted roles of caspases in the placenta, extending beyond apoptosis. Apart from their involvement in placental tissue remodeling via apoptosis, caspases actively participate in essential regulatory processes, such as trophoblast fusion and differentiation, significantly influencing placental growth and functionality. In addition, growing evidence indicates an elevation in caspase activity under pathological conditions like pre-eclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), leading to excessive cell death as well as inflammation. Drawing from advancements in caspase research and placental development under both normal and abnormal conditions, we examine the significance of caspases in both cell death (apoptosis) and non-cell death-related processes within the placenta. We also discuss potential therapeutics targeting caspase-related pathways for placenta disorders. |
| 2024 | Evaluation of phagocytic index and haematological parameters of Sida rhombifolia extracts in mice as immunomodulator | Tutik Sri Wahyuni, Widya Wasityastuti, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Suratno Lulut Ratnoglik, Laura Navika Yamani, Ahmad El-Shamy, Aty Widyawaruyanti | Background: Sida rhombifolia was reported to have potential anti-hepatitis C virus activity. Anti-viral activities of plants were also reported to modulate immunity. Objective: This research was conducted by testing the immunomodulating activities of Sida rhombifolia extract. Method: This study evaluated cell viability in HepG2 culture cells to determine the 50% of cell viability. The Immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by examining the phagocytic index value and haematology profile. Result: The results showed that the IC50Sida rhombifolia was 32.5 μg/mL, while the IC50 of CCl4 as negative control was 16.68 μg/mL. Moreover, 100% of cell viability was observed at ½ IC50 and ¼ IC50 of Sida rhombifolia, indicating no toxic effect from the extract. Immunomodulatory assay found that Sida rhombifolia extract demonstrated an immunostimulant effect. The phagocytic index value of Sida rhombifolia was higher than that of the standard drug (a commercial immunostimulant product). Moreover, the haematology evaluation demonstrated no negative effect on haemoglobin, hematocrit and erythrocyte, which showed no difference in values compared to the normal control and the immunostimulant product. Conclusion: Sida rhombifolia plant extract has the potential as an immunomodulator candidate for treating hepatitis. |
| 2024 | Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Testing of Golden Rice Cookies With Piper Crocatum Active Extract for Preventing Foot Ulcers in Patients With Diabetes: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial | Andina Setyawati, Ariyanti Saleh, Takdir Tahir, Saldy Yusuf, Syahrul Syahrul, Aminuddin Aminuddin, Muhammad Raihan, Nuurhidayat Jafar, Hasyrul Hamzah, Nur Arfian | Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) present a formidable challenge to both patients and health care systems. DFUs significantly reduce the quality of life for patients, prolong hospital stays, and are the cause of approximately 70,000 lower limb amputations across the globe annually. Prevention of DFUs primarily involves the optimization of blood sugar levels and the effective management of complications, particularly peripheral neuropathy. Golden Rice has been proven to lower blood sugar levels due to its beta-carotene content, and Piper crocatum (P. crocatum) has been found to be effective in reducing the risk factors of DFUs through biomolecular regulation because of its polyphenol content. Objective: The principal objective of this study is to identify the efficacy of P. crocatum–enriched cookies, with Golden Rice as their primary ingredient, in preventing DFUs. The evaluation will center on their impact on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a pivotal factor in the development of DFUs. Methods: This study is an experimental clinical research that follows the randomized controlled trial method and uses a single-blind design. The participants in the study are outpatients from primary health centers in Makassar, Indonesia, who have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The sample for the study will be randomly selected and subsequently categorized into 2 groups: the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group consumes P. crocatum–enriched Golden Rice cookies, while the control group receives cookies without these additives. The participants from both groups will consume their respective cookies (packaged identically) twice a day for 14 days. The cookies will be prepared according to a modified recipe with an emphasis on low glucose content, resulting in 51 calories per cookie, comprising 1% carbohydrates, 6% fat, 4% cholesterol, and 4% fiber, excluding gluten, sugar, and salt. They will be baked at 158°C for 20 minutes. The process involves the addition of 20% Golden Rice and 10% P. crocatum ethanol extract, both prepared via maceration with 96% ethanol. The dependent variable in this study is the expression of gelatinases matrix metalloproteinase, to be assessed at 2 distinct time points—preintervention (pretest) and postintervention (posttest)—with the evaluation conducted through the western blotting method. Results: The recruitment and testing phase started in January 2024. The study is scheduled to be completed by the end of March 2024. Data analysis will commence in April 2024, and the publication of the results is anticipated in the same year (2024). The study will report on the changes in primary data, encompassing gelatinases matrix metalloproteinase, as well as secondary data, including the ankle-brachial index, neuropathy score, and random blood glucose level. Conclusions: The findings of this trial are expected to significantly impact the selection of strategies by health care practitioners to enhance diabetes self-management, particularly in the domain of therapeutic snacking, for patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. |
| 2024 | Evaluation of The Anticancer Activity of Hydroxyxanthones Against Human Liver Carcinoma Cell Line | Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan, Nela Fatmasari, Jumina Jumina, Harno Dwi Pranowo, Eti Nurwening Sholikhah | Nowadays, cancer is one of the most fatal diseases in developed and developing countries. Therefore, it is an urgent need to find more effective anticancer drugs among the recent commercially available standard drugs. Xanthone derivatives have been researched as anticancer drugs due to their ease of synthesis and structure modification, as well as their excellent anticancer activity. In this work, the in vitro anticancer activity of hydroxyxanthones against the human liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2) was evaluated. Among the twenty-two hydroxyxanthones, 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone was found as the most active anticancer agent with an IC50 value of 9.18 μM, which was better than doxorubicin as the standard drug. From the molecular docking studies against topoisomeraseIIα and two c-KIT protein kinases, 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone yielded strong binding energy in a range of -25.48 to -30.42 kJ/mol. The 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone could bind on the active site of these protein receptors through hydrogen bonds with key amino acid residues (Glu640, Cys673, Gln767, Met769, Asp810, and Asp831), as well as nitrogen bases (Adenine12 and Guanine13), thus leading to the death of HepG2 cancer cells through the apoptosis mechanism. |
| 2023 | Factors affecting the perception of Indonesian medical doctors on herbal medicine prescription in healthcare facilities: qualitative and quantitative studies | Setyo Purwono, Ulfatun Nisa, Peristiwan Ridha Widhi Astana, Rahmi Ayu Wijayaningsih, Arko Jatmiko Wicaksono, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Nyoman Kertia, Mustofa Mustofa, Subagus Wahyuono, Nanang Fakhrudin | Objective : This study evaluates the perception of medical doctors on herbal medicines and analyzes the factors influencing their use of herbal medicines in therapeutic decisions. Methods: A quantitative and qualitative research model (concurrent mixed method) was used in this study. Eleven participants attended a focus group discussion (FGD) representing herbal medicine-related stakeholders in Indonesia. Online surveys were conducted by emphasizing the problems found in the FGD. Six main topics were selected based on their probability to determine respondents’ levels of agreement or disagreement. The qualitative data were analyzed and presented as a descriptive narration, whereas the quantitative data were analyzed using principal component analysis. Results: The most discussed topics about herbal medicines in the FGD were legal aspects, prescription, bad stigma, lack of knowledge, lack of confidence, lack of evidence, and obstacles from the medical committee. We found that two factors comprised the central issue in the quantitative approach: the lack of knowledge on herbal medicines and the scientific evidence of the herbal medicine products. Conclusion: Shifting the perception of medical doctors on herbal medicines is required. The exposure to herbal medicine research and publications for medical doctors must be intensified. |
| 2023 | Piper Crocatum Ruiz & Pav as A Commonly Used Typically Medicinal Plant From Indonesia: What Do We Actually Know About It? Scoping Review | Andina Setyawati, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, , Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Christantie Effendy, Sam Ibeneme | Aims: Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav (P. crocatum) has been widely used medicinally among ethnic communities in Indonesia to treat a variety of diseases through various preparationapplication techniques, duration, and frequency of use. Since research on the benefits of P. crocatum is still limited, our scoping review aimed to identify the key findings resulting from experimental studies regarding the medicinal uses of P. crocatum. Methods: We conducted a scoping review using the framework developed by Arksey and O?Malley. Databases were searched using CAB Direct, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. Data were extracted and tabulated using Microsoft Office Excel 2013. Results: Sixteen articles fulfilled were included in the scoping review. Three key concepts were emerged from this scoping review: 1) Study characteristics indicated the most prevalent type of research was in vivo experiment (n=14) with the highest number of preparations using ethanol extracts (n=8) and P. crocatum sample were mostly sourced from Indonesia (n=9); 2) Seventeen screened metabolites were reported and the most frequently identified were steroids and flavonoids, followed by polyphenols and saponins; and 3) Eight potential activities of P. crocatum were reported as follows: anti-inflammatory, pro-wound healing, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-necrotic, antitumoral, hepatoprotective, and anti-hyperglycaemic. Conclusion: P. crocatum has various metabolites that might influence the reported potential therapeutic activities with different preparation-application techniques, uses, and duration, yet the scientific evidence conducted in clinical study is still limited. Future research needs to perform testing standardized preparations of P. crocatum to be developed as novel therapeutic agents in wounds, infective diseases, cancers, diabetes, and liver diseases. |
| 2023 | Lactogenic activity of ethanolic extract of Pluchea indica Less leaf in lactating rats | Rul Afiyah Syarif, Nungki Anggorowati, Mia Munawaroh Yuniyanti, Dewa Nyoman Murti Adyaksa, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Introduction: The leaves of Pluchea indica (L.) Less is empirically used to enhance milk production. This study aimed to evaluate the lactogenic effect of ethanolic extract of P. indica leaves (EPI) on milk production, prolactin, cortisol, oxytocin levels, and histological changes of mammary tissue in lactating rats and weight gain of their pups. Methods: Twenty-five lactating rats with six pups were randomized into five groups. The groups were control (reverse osmosis water), standard (domperidone 2.5 mg/kg BW), and EPI (250, 500, and 750 mg/kg BW). The daily treatments were administered by oral gavage, starting from the second day until day 15 of the parturition. Milk production and the weight of the pups were measured daily. Serum prolactin, cortisol, and oxytocin levels in the lactating rats were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Histomorphological alterations of mammary tissues were investigated by hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA tests and P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The daily milk production in groups treated with domperidone and EPI at doses of 500 and 750 was significantly increased compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Weight gain of the pups of dams that received domperidone and EPI at doses 500 and 750 mg/kg BW was significantly higher than controls (P 0.05). Conclusion: Pluchea indica leaves revealed lactogenic activity in lactating rats. |
| 2023 | Safety of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) a gray ethanol extracts in diabetic-induced rats | Rochmy Istikharah, Erga Juli Frayuda, Rizki Maulida, Arba Pramundita, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Ahmad Hamim Sadewa, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley A. Gray) leaves have been studied to have antihyperglycemic activity and improve insulin sensitivity. However, these leaves extracts also have activity as a cytotoxic agent so the safety of its use as an antidiabetic needs to be proven. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the safety of T. diversifolia leaves extracts at therapeutic doses against the liver, kidneys, and aorta of diabetic-induced rats. This study involved 30 male Wistar rats, 25 of which were diabetic-induced with a combination of nicotinamide 230 mg/kg and streptozotocin 65 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. Rats were reported diabetic if their fasting plasma glucose level was more than 150 mg/dL three weeks after induction. The rats were then divided into six groups, namely the normal group (not diabetic-induced), the diabetic group, the metformin group (300 mg/kg), and the group that was given extracts of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, respectively. Blood specimen collections were performed before study and after 28 days treatment to analyze the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and creatinine. At the end of the treatment, the rats were terminated for liver, kidney, and aortic organ harvesting which were then put in formalin solution for making preparations with Haemotoxylin-Eosin staining. The results showed that the levels of ALT, AST, and creatinine of all rats showed no significant difference between before and after treatment (P-value>0.05). These results were also supported by the histology of the liver, kidney, and aorta which also showed normal examinations in all treatment groups. In conclusion, the administration of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of T. diversifolia is safe to administer up to a dose of 150 mg/kg in diabetic-induced rats. |
| 2023 | Bioassay Guided Fractionation of Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) Monitored by Glucose Consumption Assay and Thin Layer Chromatography on Myoblast Cells | Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Ketut Shri Satya Wiwekananda, Aurelia Priscilla Regita Putri, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Mia Munawaroh Yuniyanti | Ciplukan (Physalis angulata Linn.) has been used by the community as an anti-diabetic drug. The antidiabetic effect is due to ingredients such as unsaturated fatty acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols, steroids, triterpenoids, monoterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids. Part of the fruit of P. angulata contains many active substances of flavonoids with the proportion of fruit extract 300 μg/ml is 84%. Therefore the exploration for compounds responsible for antidiabetic activity in P. angulata needs to be done to ensure empirical evidence. The purpose of this study was to find the active fraction of P. angulata L. which has anti-hyperglycemic properties. This study used Myoblast cells as subjects and the Bioassay Guided Fractionation method for separating compound groups through three stages of the extraction, partitioning, and fractionation processes which were monitored using TLC and the Glucose Consumption Assay test. The results showed that the chloroform extract (CHCl3) was more active in lowering glucose levels compared to the methanol extract (MeOH) (4.86% vs -8.74%). MeOH insoluble extract was more active than MeOH soluble extract (5.14% vs -8.52). The fractionation results showed that Fraction I was the most active in lowering glucose levels compared to FII, III, and IV (26.47%; 13.18%; 0.15%; 13.76%). Therefore Fraction 1 which contains a class of flavonoid compounds is a potential candidate to be developed as an antidiabetic agent. |
| 2023 | In vitro and In vivo Study of Gastroprotective effect of Purified Extract Andrographis paniculata | Jastria Pusmarani, Citra Dewi, Risky Juliansyah Putri, Nur Hatidjah Awaliyah Halid, Sasri Intan Febriani, Febrianti Husni, Setyo Purwono, Zullies Ikawati | Gastric ulcers are caused by excessive gastric acid secretion, alcohol, and long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Aspirin is one of the NSAIDS that can induce peptic ulcers. Traditional medicines that have been proven to have gastroprotective activity is Andrographis paniculata (APAC). The purpose of this study is to assess the antioxidant activity and gastroprotective effect of purified extract of APAC. The herbal treatment was given for 7 days, and on the eighth day, all groups except the negative control (Na CMC 0.5%) were given 1000mg/kgBW of aspirin. Six hours later, the rats were sacrificed and opened for macroscopic examination, pH gastric juice value, the volume of gastric value, ulcer index, and inhibition percentage. Antioxidant studies using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) showed that APAC has strong antioxidant activity with IC50 value = 64.54. APAC could reduce the occurrence of gastric ulcers by decreasing gastric pH, ulcer index, and increasing inhibition percentage (P=0.000<0.05). Andrographis paniculata has gastroprotective properties associated with antioxidant activity. |
| 2023 | Dietary Supplementation of Caulerpa racemosa Ameliorates Cardiometabolic Syndrome via Regulation of PRMT-1/DDAH/ADMA Pathway and Gut Microbiome in Mice | Fahrul Nurkolis, Nurpudji Astuti Taslim, Dionysius Subali, Rudy Kurniawan, Hardinsyah Hardinsyah,William Ben Gunawan, Rio Jati Kusuma,Vincentius Mario Yusuf, Adriyan Pramono, Sojin Kang, Nelly Mayulu, Andi Yasmin Syauki, Trina Ekawati Tallei, Apollinaire Tsopmo, Bonglee Kim | This study evaluated the effects of an aqueous extract of Caulerpa racemosa (AEC) on cardiometabolic syndrome markers, and the modulation of the gut microbiome in mice administered a cholesterol- and fat-enriched diet (CFED). Four groups of mice received different treatments: normal diet, CFED, and CFED added with AEC extract at 65 and 130 mg/kg body weight (BW). The effective concentration (EC50) values of AEC for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and lipase inhibition were lower than those of the controls in vitro. In the mice model, the administration of high-dose AEC showed improved lipid and blood glucose profiles and a reduction in endothelial dysfunction markers (PRMT-1 and ADMA). Furthermore, a correlation between specific gut microbiomes and biomarkers associated with cardiometabolic diseases was also observed. In vitro studies highlighted the antioxidant properties of AEC, while in vivo data demonstrated that AEC plays a role in the management of cardiometabolic syndrome via regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial function (PRMT-1/DDAH/ADMA pathway), and gut microbiota. |
| 2023 | Sulfated Polysaccharide from Caulerpa racemosa Attenuates the Obesity-Induced Cardiometabolic Syndrome via Regulating the PRMT1-DDAH-ADMA with mTOR-SIRT1-AMPK Pathways and Gut Microbiota Modulation | Nelly Mayulu, William Ben Gunawan, Moon Nyeo Park, Sanghyun Chung, Jin Young Suh, Hangyul Song, Rio Jati Kusuma, Nurpudji Astuti Taslim, Rudy Kurniawan, Felicia Kartawidjajaputra, Fahrul Nurkolis, Bonglee Kim | Our investigation intended to analyze the effects of sulfated polysaccharides from Caulerpa racemosa (SPCr) in attenuating obesity-induced cardiometabolic syndrome via regulating the protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1-asymmetric dimethylarginine-dimethylarginine dimethylamino-hydrolase (PRMT1-DDAH-ADMA) with the mammalian target of rapamycin-Sirtuin 1–5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (mTOR-SIRT1-AMPK) pathways and gut microbiota modulation. This is a follow-up study that used SPs from previous in vitro studies, consisting of 2,3-di-O-methyl-1,4,5-tri-O-acetylarabinitol, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-methyl-D-mannopyranose, and type B ulvanobiuronicacid 3-sulfate. A total of forty rats were randomly divided into four treatment groups: Group A received a standard diet; Group B was provided with a diet enriched in cholesterol and fat (CFED); and Groups C and D were given the CFED along with ad libitum water, and daily oral supplementation of 65 or 130 mg/kg of body weight (BW) of SPCr, respectively. Group D showed the lowest low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and blood glucose levels, and the highest HDL level compared to the other groups in this study. These results in the group fed high-dose SPCr demonstrated a significant effect compared to the group fed low-dose SPCr (p < 0.0001), as well as in total cholesterol and blood glucose (p < 0.05). Supplementation with SPCr was also observed to have an upregulation effect on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1alpha, interleukin 10, Sirtuin 1, DDAH-II, superoxide dismutase (SOD) cardio, and AMPK, which was also followed by a downregulation of PRMT-1, TNF-α, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, and mTOR. Interestingly, gut microbiota modulation was also observed; feeding the rats with a cholesterol-enriched diet shifted the gut microbiota composition toward the Firmicutes level, lowered the Bacteroidetes level, and increased the Firmicutes level. A dose of 130 mg/kg BW of SPCr is the recommended dose, and investigation still needs to be continued in clinical trials with humans to see its efficacy at an advanced level. |
| 2022 | The effect of Tithonia diversifolia extract against the level of nitric oxide in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced rats model | Dita Ayu Dewi Laras Sati, Hajid Rahmadianto, Hajid Rahmadianto, Catharina Widiartini, Fitranto Arjadi, Nia Krisniawati, Yulia Fauziyah, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Background: One indication of microvascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus (DM) is decreased nitric oxide (NO) levels. Tithonia diversifolia leaves (TDL) extract has been scientifically demonstrated to decrease glucose levels in diabetic rats. Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of TDL extract on NO levels in diabetic rats. Methods: True experimental with pre-post test control group design used 25 Sprague-Dawley rats. Its were divided into 5 groups: healthy control (K.1); diabetic control (K.2); diabetes rats with ethanol extract of TDL at a dose of 25 (K.3); 50 (K.4); and 100 mg/kg BW (K.5) for 28 days. We use a combination of nicotinamide (230 mg/kg BW) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg BW) to induce diabetes mellitus. The blood serum was taken before and after extract administration. NO level was assessed using spectrophotometry. Paired T-test, Wilcoxon, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc LSD were performed for statistical analysis. Results: There were significant differences in NO levels before and after treatment in all groups unless K.5 (100 mg/kg BW). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in NO levels in the healthy control and the K.5 group but significant differences in other groups. Conclusion: TDL extract can prevent the decrease in NO level in diabetic rats model with the effective dose of 100 mg/kg BW. |
| 2022 | Acute Oral Toxicity Test of Antihypertensive Polyherbal Preparations Containing Allium sativum Curcuma aeruginosa & Amomi fructus | Herzan Marjawan, Woro Rukmi Pratiwi, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Eti Nurwening Sholikhah, Pamungkas Bagus Satriyo | Hypertension is a major factor causing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, stroke, and kidney failure. Polyherbal preparations containing garlic (Aliium sativum), temu ireng (Curcumae aeruginosae) and cardamom (Amomi fructus) have been widely used to treat hypertension. Despite widely used in community, its safety has not been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the single dose oral safety of the polyherbal. The acute oral toxicity test was done using fixed dose methods. Single dose of the polyherbal was administered to female Wistar rats. The clinical examination was done after administration of the polyherbal and continued until the 14th day to check for symptoms of toxicity, changes in body weight. On day 15, the animal was sacrificed and histopathological examination was conducted. The body weight did not differ between animal that received polyherbal and not received polyherbal. However, there was an increase in body weight in a group that received polyherbal at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. The absolute and relative organs weight was also similar among groups. There were no macroscopic and histopathological changes in kidney, liver, heart, spleen, aorta, and lungs. The polyherbal preparations containing Aliium sativum, Curcumae aeruginosae and Amomi fructus is safe with LD50 >2000-5000 mg/kg in Wistar rats. |
| 2022 | Standardised Ethanol Extract of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A Gray Leaves Improve Insulin Sensitivity and Increase Mitochondrial DNA Copy Numbers in Skeletal Muscles of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Rats | Rochmy Istikharah, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Ahmad Hamim Sadewa, and Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Background : In this study, we examined the anti-diabetic activity of standardised extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A Gray (T. diversifolia) leaves for their effects on insulin resistance and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. Methods : T. diversifolia leaves were extracted using an ultrasound-assisted method and standardised using Tagitinin C. There were six groups: i) normal control; ii) diabetic group; iii) metformin group (300 mg/kg) and iv) groups treated with three different doses of extract (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg). Blood samples were taken before and after 28 days of treatment for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin analysis, which were used for a Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) calculation. The soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were harvested after 28 days of treatment for the measurement of mtDNA copy number. Results : The results showed an improvement in blood glucose levels and HOMA-IR scores in all treatment groups. The results of mtDNA copy number analysis also revealed significant improvement with the highest number observed at an extract dose of 100 mg/kg in which the mtDNA copy number increased up to 3 times in the soleus muscles (P < 0.001). Conclusion : T. diversifolia extract has the potential to be used as an anti-diabetic agent that improves insulin resistance, possibly by increasing mtDNA content. |
| 2022 | Ethanolic Extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Inhibits Cell Migration of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells (A549) by Downregulation of Integrin αvβ3, α5β1, and VEGF | Ulayatul Kustiati,Suleyman Ergün, Srikanth Karnati, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Dwi Liliek Kusindarta, and Hevi Wihadmadyatami | Adenocarcinoma lung cancer is a type of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), which accounts for 85% of lung cancer incidence globally. The therapies that are being applied, both conventional therapies and antibody-based treatments, are still found to have side effects. Several previous studies have demonstrated the ability of the ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (EEOS) as an ethnomedicine with anti-tumor properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Ocimum sanctum Linn. ethanolic extract in inhibiting the proliferation, angiogenesis, and migration of A549 cells (NSCLC). The adhesion as well as the migration assay was performed. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the expression of αvβ3 integrins, α5β1 integrins, and VEGF. The cells were divided into the following treatment groups: control (non-treated/NT), positive control (AP3/inhibitor β3 80 µg/mL), cisplatin (9 µg/mL), and EEOS at concentrations of 50, 70, 100, and 200 µg/mL. The results showed that EEOS inhibits the adhesion ability and migration of A549 cells, with an optimal concentration of 200 µg/mL. ELISA testing showed that the group of A549 cells given EEOS 200 µg/mL presented a decrease in the optimal expression of integrin α5β1, integrin αvβ3, and VEGF. |
| 2022 | The effect of Kappaphycus alvarezii active fraction on oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin and nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats | Evy Yulianti, Sunarti, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Background : High glucose concentration increases the glycation process which leads to oxidative stress and inflammation, that can cause complications in diabetes. Several medicinal plants have been used in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. One of them is Kappaphycus alvarezii, an algae that has known antidiabetic abilities. This study aimed to examine the effect of K. alvarezii active fraction on plasma hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) levels, renal NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and Nuclear Factor κ B (NFκB) gene expressions. Methods : Active fraction was obtained from bioassay-guided fractionation with antiglycation ability. In vivo study was performed on twenty Wistar male rats. The level of H2O2 was measured using H2O2 Assay Kit, the Optical Density value measured using spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 405 nm. Plasma TNFα level was measured using ELISA. Renal NOX4 and NFκB gene expression was analyzed using qPCR. Results : Active fraction significantly reduced plasma H2O2 but not TNFα levels. Furthermore, renal NOX4 gene expression was lower in the diabetic rat group treated with active fraction compared to the untreated group but not NFκB gene expression. Conclusions : K. alvarezii active fraction has an activity to reduce plasma H2O2 as well as renal NOX4 gene expression. Therefore, this fraction could be developed as a potential candidate for diabetes treatment through oxidative stress mechanisms. |
| 2022 | Ethanol Extract of Yacon Leaves (Smallanthus sonchifolius) Attenuates Fibroblast and Myofibroblast Expansion in Association With Downregulation of TGF β1 and Snail mRNA Expression in 5/6-Subtotal Nephrectomy Model in Mice | Ermawati, Nur Arfian, Setyo Purwono, Muhammad Mansyur Romi, Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari | Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by fibroblast activation, myofibroblast formation, and up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) that may activate Snail in fibroblast to myofibroblast transition. Ethanol extract of Yacon leaves is known to have a renoprotective effect on diabetic nephropathy but its effect in the CKD model is unknown. This experimental study aimed to elucidate the effect of ethanol extract from Yacon leaves in attenuating renal failure in a CKD mice model. Methods: Male Swiss-Webster mice (3 months, 30–40 grams, n=25) underwent 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (SN) to induce CKD. The mice were divided into five groups: SN, SN mice with oral treatment of Yacon leaves ethanol extract with doses 0.735 μg/kg (SN+YK1), 1.47 μg/kg (SN+YK2), and 2.94 μg/kg (SN+YK3), and a Sham operation (SO) group with aquadest 0.1% supplementation. Mice were euthanized on day 14 after the operation and kidneys were harvested. Paraffin sections were used for histological analysis. Immunostaining was done for quantifying fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. We performed RT-PCR to measure TGF-β1 and Snail mRNA expressions. Results: The SN group had significantly higher fibroblast number, myofibroblast fraction area, TGF-β1 and Snail mRNA expressions compared to the SO. The fibroblasts number (p<0.001) and myofibroblast fraction areas (p<0.001) were significantly lower in Yacon treated-groups compared to the SN group. RT-PCR analysis showed lower mRNA expressions of TGF-β1 and Snail, but no significant differences were found among the various Yacon treated-groups. Conclusion: Ethanol extracts of Yacon leaves improved kidney damage in male mice with 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy model. |
| 2022 | Subchronic Dermal Toxicity Study of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray Gel Formulation in Wistar Rats | Muflihah Rizkawati, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Setyo Purwono, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Abdul Karim Zulkarnain | Background: Tithonia diversifolia has been widely developed as an anticancer therapy. Our previous study before showed that T. diversifolia was able to inhibit cell proliferation and collagen accumulation of keloid fibroblasts and decrease the index of rabbit scar hypertrophy. The acute dermal toxicity study of T. diversifolia gel formulation did not show toxic effect for 14 days and the LD50 was estimated more than 2%. However, toxicity data subchronic dermal toxicity study was not available for this T. diversifolia gel formulation. Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate the subchronic dermal toxicity of T. diversifolia gel formulation in rats. Materials and Methods: T. diversifolia gel formulation with three dose variations of 2%, 10%, and 25% was administered topically. The lowest dose of 2% is the dose that has been used to decrease the index of rabbit scar hypertrophy. We observed the toxic effect that may appear every day for 90 days period. Results: There were no significant toxic effects observed at all doses on physical signs and symptoms, body weight, food consumption, hematological parameters, biochemical parameters, and macroscopic and microscopic examination organs. Conclusion: The analysis no observed adverse effect level showed that the administration long term of T. diversifolia gel formulation topically is safe to use within its dose recommendation. |
| 2022 | Phytochemical Screening and Anti-dengue Activity of Jatropha multifida Extract against DENV-2 | Mia Munawaroh Yuniyanti, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Cases of dengue infection are still high in various parts of the world and no antiviral has been found to treat dengue infection. Jatropha multifida is one of the herbs used by the community to treat dengue infection, but pre-clinical and clinical scientific evidence has not been carried out. Phytochemical screening of ethanol extract of Jatropha multifida leaves was carried out using thin layer chromatography. Cytotoxic assay was performed on Vero cells using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide). The cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) was determined using probit analysis. Anti-dengue test on dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) was performed on Vero cells and the RNA (ribonucleic acid) copy number was quantified using quantitative polymerase chain reactions ((qPCR). Phytochemical screening results showed that the ethanol extract of Jatropha multifida leaves contains flavonoid and terpenoid compounds. CC50 of the extract was found to be 651.8 µg/mL. The RNA copy number of the treated group was lower than the control group and the difference was significant. The ethanol extract of Jatropha multifida leaves has anti-dengue activity against DENV-2. |
| 2022 | Acute toxicity of the galactagogue phytomedicine containing Sauropus androgynous, Trigonella foenumgraecum, and Moringa oleifera | Zulkhah Noor, Dwi Liliek Kusindarta, Ahmad Hamim Sadewa, Didik Setyo Heriyanto, Diah Rumekti Hadiati, Mustofa | This study aims to evaluate acute toxicity of the herbal preparation on rats as an early step to evaluate its safety. This study used 25 females Rattus norvegicus strain Sprague Dawley rats aged 8 weeks with a body weight of at least 120 g divided into 5 groups of doses of herbal preparation (0/aquadest, 50, 300, 2,000, 5,000) mg/kg BW. After administration of the herbal preparation, rats were observed using a camera continuously for 14 days and manual observation intensively for the first 24 hours and then once a day for up to 14 days. The toxic effects including death, behavioral changes, neural symptoms, and other abnormalitieswere recorded. The weight of the rats was monitored every three days. On the 15th day, the rats were sacrificed to collect vital organs for macroscopic and histopathological examinations. The LD50 was estimated based on OECD Guideline. No mortality and significant toxicity signsin any of the rats after receiving the herbal formula at highest dose of 5000 mg/kg was reported during the 14-day observation period. Bodyweight and organ weight did not show significant variation between controls and treatment groups. In addition, no abnormalities of liver, heart and lungs were also observed in macroscopic and histopathological examinations. In conclusion, the herbal preparation shows the LD50 of greater than 5,000 mg/kg can be classified as category 5 or unclassified. Further sub chronic toxicity study will be conducted to evaluate its safety after repeated exposure. |
| 2022 | Potential Benefits of Pila ampullacea, Tempeh, Moringa oleifera Leaves as Nutritional Support for Hemodialysis | Fery L Widiany, Mohammad Sja’bani, Susetyowati, Marsetyawan Soesatyo, Lily Arsanti Lestari, Woro Rukmi Pratiwi, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Emy Huriyati | Background: Hemodialysis patients can experience problems, including proteinenergy malnutrition, infection, disorders of the immune system, and inflammation. One etiology of malnutrition in hemodialysis is inadequate energy and protein intake, making patients need nutritional support, which can be fulfilled by local Indonesian foodstuffs. Objective: This paper aimed to review the potential health benefits of snails (Pila ampullacea), tempeh, and Moringa oleifera leaves as nutritional support for hemodialysis patients. Methods: In this review, the methodology used was based on comprehensive data searched from PubMed for literature review and technology benchmarking in making nutritional support for hemodialysis patients. An in-depth discussion, including the advantages and drawbacks of each foodstuff, is presented and outlined. Furthermore, key solutions are proposed and presented to overcome hemodialysis issues. Results: The mixture of snail, tempeh, and moringa leaves as nutritional support for hemodialysis patients shows a good combination of natural ingredients from animals and plants. The nutritional content of the three mixed ingredients is found to meet the dietary requirements of hemodialysis, which are high protein, calcium and antioxidants, low phosphorus, and a phosphorus-toprotein ratio of <16. Conclusion: The combination of snails, tempeh, and moringa leaves provides several potential health benefits in overcoming nutritional problems, decreased immune status, and inflammation of hemodialysis patients. |
| 2021 | The Molecular Mechanisms of Hypoglycemic Properties and Safety Profiles of Swietenia Macrophylla Seeds Extract: A Review | Ratih Dewi Yudhani, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Eti Nurwening Sholikhah, Mustofa Mustofa | Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is known as the root cause of type 2 diabetes; hence, it is a substantial therapeutic target. Nowadays, studies have shifted the focus to natural ingredients that have been utilized as a traditional diabetes treatment, including Swietenia macrophylla. Accumulating evidence supports the hypoglycemic activities of S. macrophylla seeds extract, although its molecular mechanisms have yet to be well-established. Aim: This review focuses on the hypoglycemic molecular mechanisms of S. macrophylla seeds extract and its safety profiles. Methods: An extensive search of the latest literature was conducted from four main databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) using several keywords: “swietenia macrophylla, seeds, and diabetes;” “swietenia macrophylla, seeds, and oxidative stress;” “swietenia macrophylla, seeds, and inflammation;” “swietenia macrophylla, seeds, and GLUT4;” and “swietenia macrophylla, seeds, and toxicities.” Results: The hypoglycemic activities occur through modulating several pathways associated with IR and T2D pathogenesis. The seeds extract of S. macrophylla modulates oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances while increasing antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). Another propose mechanism is the modulating of the inflammatory pathway by attenuating nuclear factor kappa β, tumor necrosis factor α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase 2. Some studies have shown that the extract can also control phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/ Akt (PI3K/Akt) pathway by inducing glucose transporter 4, while suppressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo toxicity studies supported the safety profile of S. macrophylla seeds extract with the LD50 higher than 2000 mg/kg. Conclusion: The potential of S. macrophylla seeds as antidiabetic candidate is supported by many studies that have documented their non-toxic and hypoglycemic effects, which involve several molecular pathways. |
| 2021 | Ethanolic Extract of Centella asiatica Treatment in the Early Stage of Hyperglycemia Condition Inhibits Glomerular Injury and Vascular Remodeling in Diabetic Rat Model | Wiwit A. W. Setyaningsih, Nur Arfian, Akbar S. Fitriawan, Ratih Yuniartha, Dwi C. R. Sari | Background : Diabetes mellitus (DM) is marked by oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction that caused diabetic nephropathy that resulted in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Vascular dysfunction is characterized by an imbalance in vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agents which underlies the mechanism of vascular injury in DM. Additionally, diminished podocytes correlate with the severity of kidney injury. Podocyturia often precedes proteinuria in several kidney diseases, including diabetic kidney disease. Centella asiatica (CeA) is known as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant and has neuroprotective effects. This research aimed to investigate the potential effect of CeA to inhibit glomerular injury and vascular remodeling in DM. Methods : The DM rat model was induced through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 60 mg/kg body weight (BW), and then rats were divided into 1-month DM (DM1, n = 5), 2-month DM (DM2, n = 5), early DM concurrent with CeA treatment for 2 months (DMC2, n = 5), and 1-month DM treated with CeA for 1-month (DM1C1, n = 5). The CeA (400 mg/kg BW) was given daily via oral gavage. The control group (Control, n = 5) was maintained for 2 months. Finally, rats were euthanized and kidneys were harvested to assess vascular remodeling using Sirius Red staining and the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase, podocytes marker, ACE2, eNOS, and ppET-1 using RT-PCR. Results : The DM groups demonstrated significant elevation of glucose level, glomerulosclerosis, and proteinuria. A significant reduction of SOD1 and SOD3 promotes the downregulation of nephrin and upregulation of TRPC6 mRNA expressions in rat glomerular kidney. Besides, this condition enhanced ppET-1 and inhibited eNOS and ACE2 mRNA expressions that lead to the development of vascular remodeling marked by an increase of wall thickness, and lumen wall area ratio (LWAR). Treatment of CeA, especially the DMC2 group, attenuated glomerular injury and showed the reversal of induced conditions. Conclusions : Centella asiatica treatment at the early stage of diabetes mellitus ameliorates glomerulosclerosis and vascular injury via increasing antioxidant enzymes. |
| 2021 | The neuroprotective effect of ethanolic extract Ocimum sanctum Linn. in the regulation of neuronal density in hippocampus areas as a central autobiography memory on the rat model of Alzheimer’s disease | Made Bagus Auriva Mataram, Puspa Hening, Fitria N. Harjanti, Srikanth Karnati, Widya Wasityastuti, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Dwi Liliek Kusindarta, Hevi Wihadmadyatami | The aim of this study was to identify the effects of Ocimum sanctum Linn. ethanolic extract (OSE) on the neurons of the CA1, CA3, and DG hippocampal areas with the use of in vivo and in vitro models of Alzheimer’s diseases (AD). Twenty-one two-month-old male rats were divided into three groups: untreated (Group A, n = 3), AD rats model pretreated with OSE followed by induction for Trimethyltin (TMT) on day 7 (group B, n = 9), and AD rats model treated with OSE both as pre-TMT introduction for 7 days and post-TMT induction for 21 days (group C, n = 9). AD rats were sacrificed on days 7, 14, and 21, and brain samples were collected and analyzed for neuronal density and neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactivity. To corroborate the in vivo observations, HEK-293 cells were treated with TMT and used as an in vitro model of AD. The results were then analyzed using FITC Annexin V and flow cytometry. Nuclear fragmentation was observed in cells stained with Hoechst 33342 by confocal microscopy. The results showed a significant increase in the number of neurons and NPY expression in the AD rats that were pre- and post-treated with OSE (p < 0.05). Indeed, OSE was able to retain and promote neuronal density in the rat model of AD. Further studies of an in vitro model of neurodegeneration with Ocimum sanctum Linn. ethanolic extract inhibited apoptosis in TMT-induced HEK-293 cells. Moreover, OSE prevented nuclear fragmentation, which was confirmed by staining the nuclei of HEK-293 cells. Taken together, there findings suggest that OSE has the potential as a neuroprotective agent (retaining the autobiographical memory),and the neuroproliferation of neurons in the CA1, CA3, and DG hippocampal areas in the rats¡ model of neurodegeneration was mediated by activation of NPY expression. |
| 2021 | Penurunan Laktat Dehidrogenase Plasmodium falciparum strain D10 pada pemberian Fraksi Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) | Rul Afiyah Syarif, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Mustofa Mustofa, Ngatidjan Ngatidjan | Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa fraksi ke-6 (F6) merupakan fraksi aktif (F-akt) daun Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A.Gray yang menghambat pertumbuhan Plasmodium. Pertumbuhan parasit ini memerlukan energi yang diperoleh dari aktivitas laktat dehidrogenase (LDH). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji aktivitas antiplasmodium fraksi aktif T. diversifolia terhadap kadar LDH kultur P. falciparum. Kultur Plasmodium falciparum strain D10 stadium cincin dibagi menjadi kelompok eritrosit tidak terinfeksi (KTI), eritrosit terinfeksi (KI), dan eritrosit terinfeksi Plasmodium yang diberi F6 (F-akt) T. diversifolia (KI+F-akt) konsentrasi 9,38-150 µg/mL. Kultur diinkubasi 48 jam. Media kultur diukur kadar LDH-nya secara enzimatik. Adanya perbedaan LDH antar kelompok dianalisa dengan Anova. Penghambatan aktivitas LDH (IC50) ditetapkan dengan analisa probit. Kadar LDH kelompok KI (362,33 ± 133,18 U/L) lebih tinggi daripada KTI (270,33 ± 65,85 U/L) (p>0,05). Pemberian F-akt pada KI menyebabkan kadar LDH parasit lebih rendah daripada KI. Kadar LDH parasit yang diberi F-akt konsentrasi 9,38; 18,75; 37,50; dan 150 µg/mL secara berturut-turut adalah 365,5 ± 129,5; 210,5 ± 1,5; 195,5 ± 81,5; dan 111,5 ± 53,5 U/L. Tidak ada perbedaan kadar LDH antar kelompok penelitian (p>0,05). F-akt T. diversifolia mampu menghambat LDH P. falciparum strain D10 dengan nilai IC50 = 39,22 µg/mL. |
| 2021 | The effect of fermented tempeh aerobic anaerobic (FETAA) on pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) gene expression and HOMA-beta index in diabetic mice | Hendi Wicaksono, Prasetyastuti Prasetyastuti, Pramudji Hastuti, Ahmad Hamim Sadewa | Background: Diabetes is a result of oxidative stress which causes the impaired function of pancreatic beta-cells. Fermented tempeh aerobic anaerobic (FETAA) containing gamma-aminobutyric acid and isoflavones can reduce oxidative stress in diabetes. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate FETAA in improving pancreatic β-cell function in diabetic mice. Methods: Twenty streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, divided into four groups (n = 5 each group): DM, DM + FETAA 10 mg/100 g BW, DM + FETAA 20 mg/100 g BW, DM + FETAA 40 mg/100 g BW as well as normal group (n = 5). DM mice were treated with FETAA for 21 days. Fasting glucose was determined using the GOD-PAP method, while insulin level was determined by ELISA. The homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) was calculated using the HOMA2 calculator, and the Pdx1 mRNA level was determined by Real Time-PCR. Results: The DM mice group treated with FETAA had lower glucose levels than the DM mice group. FETAA dosage of 40 mg/100 g BW was able to reduce the highest blood glucose levels (p<0.05). DM mice group treated with FETAA had higher levels of insulin and HOMA-β than the DM mice group (p 0.05). Conclusion: FETAA could improve HOMA-β, blood glucose levels, but did not affect Pdx1 mRNA expression. |
| 2021 | The effect of Kappaphycus alvarezii fraction on plasma glucose, Advanced Glycation End-products formation, and renal RAGE gene expression | Evy Yulianti, Sunarti, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Background: Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex P.C.Silva is a red algae with antioxidant and antiglycation activities. Algae still have not been widely used for treating diabetes, especially to prevent complications. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of active fractions from Kappaphycus alvarezii on plasma glucose level, glycation process and renal RAGE gene expression. Methods: This study used bioassay-guided fractionation, consisting of three stages: extraction, partition, and fractionation. These processes were monitored with Thin Layer Chromatography and the BSA-Glucose method to select the best extract with antiglycation activity (calculated as the percentage of inhibition and IC50). The selected active fraction from four fractions was further used for in vivo study, which was conducted with hyperglycemic Wistar male rats. Plasma glucose level was measured using GOD-PAP methods, while plasma glycated albumin (GA) and Nε- (carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) levels were measured using ELISA. Renal RAGE gene expression was analyzed using qPCR. Results: Fraction II was selected as the active fraction of Kappaphycus alvarezii showing antiglycation activity with the highest percentage of inhibition and the lowest IC50. This fraction significantly reduced plasma GA and CML levels, but it did not significantly reduce plasma glucose level. Furthermore, renal RAGE gene expression was lower in the diabetic rat group treated with this active fraction compared to the untreated group. Conclusions: This study successfully identified an active fraction of Kappaphycus alvarezii with antiglycation activity to reduce plasma GA and CML levels as well as renal RAGE gene expression. Therefore, this fraction could be developed as a potential candidate for treating diabetes. |
| 2020 | Ethanolic Extract of Nerium indicum Mill. Decreases Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expressions in Keloid Fibroblasts | Hernita Taurustya, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Indwiani Astuti | Background: Keloid is a benign fibroproliferative dermis tumor characterized by an increase in growth factors which induce fibroblast proliferation, excessive migration, and synthesis of collagen. Nerium indicum Mill. extract had been studied as a keloid therapy agent. 5α-oleandrin contained in N. indicum has antikeloid activity by inhibiting keloid fibroblast proliferation, fibroblast migration, collagen deposition, and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) synthesis. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of administration of N. indicum extract on TGF-β1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in keloid fibroblast. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental research with a post-test only control group design. The research subjects were fibroblast cells passage IV-VII isolated from patients’ keloid tissue with explant techniques. Treatment groups received N. indicum extract with a serial concentration of 2 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, and 0.5 μg/ml, and control group received medium only. The supernatant was obtained after 72 h incubation period. Examination of TGF-β1 and VEGF expressions was performed using ELISA procedure. Result: The expression of TGF-β1 in the treatment groups of the extract N. indicum (2 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, and 0.5 μg/ml) was significantly lower than a control group of keloid fibroblasts (p < 0.05), according to increased concentration. VEGF expression in the treatment groups of N. indicum extract was lower compared to the control group of keloid fibroblasts. A significant decrease in keloid fibroblast VEGF levels occurred at extract concentrations of 2 μg/ml and 1 μg/ml (p < 0.05). Conclusion: N. indicum extract could decrease TGF-β1 and VEGF expressions compared to control medium in keloid fibroblast cultures. |
| 2020 | Effects of Polyherbal Tablet for Hypertensive Patients | Woro Rukmi Pratiwi, Eti Nurwening Sholikhah, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Mia Munawaroh Yuniyanti, Mustofa, Setyo Purwono | Hypertension is a degenerative disease whose prevalence is high and continues to increase over time. Polyherbal tablet have long been used by Indonesian people for hypertension drugs containing garlic (Alium sativum), jelawe (Belericae fructus), temu ireng rhizomes (Curcumae aeruginosae) and kapulaga (Amomi fructus) extracts. This study aims to determine the effect of polyherbal tablet on hypertensive patients. The subjects of 29 hypertensive patients participated in a open-randomized-without comparisonstudy for 6 weeks. Subjects were divided into 3 groups, each subject received polyherbal tablet with a dose of 2x600 mg (group 1), 2x1200 mg (group 2) and 2x2400 mg (group 3). Blood pressure was monitored on D-0, D-3, D-5, D-7, W-2, W-3, W-4, W-5 and W-6. There was a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the sixth week in all three treatment groups. The highest decrease in systolic blood pressure was in group 1 while diastolic blood pressure was in group 2 (-22.94 ± 5.871 and 13.13 ± 4.324 respectively). The lowest reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure occurred in the third group (-15.07 ± 3,519 and 8.98 ± 3,394 respectively). This study suggests that polyherbal tablet contains garlic (Alii sativi), jelawe (Belericae Fructus), temu ireng rhizome (Curcumae aeruginosae) and cardamom (Amomi Fructus) can reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension. |
| 2020 | Polyherbal formula (ASILACT®) induces Milk production in lactating rats through Upregulation of α-Lactalbumin and aquaporin expression | Mustofa, Fara Silvia Yuliani, Setyo Purwono, Ahmad Hamim Sadewa, Ema Damayanti, Didik Setyo Heriyanto | Background : Polyherbal formula (PHF) contains extract of Sauropus androgynous (L.) Merr., Trigonella foenum-graceum L., and Moringa oleifera Lam. considered to induce galactagogue activity. This research aimed to evaluate the galactagogue activity of PHF and its effects on α-lactalbumin (LALBA) as well as aquaporin (AQP) gene expression at messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels in mammary glands of lactating rats. Methods : Thirty lactating Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6), each has 7 pups. Group I was treated orally with distilled water as negative control. Groups II, III, and IV were orally administered with PHF at 26.25, 52.5 and 105 mg/kg/day, respectively. Group V was treated with domperidone 2.7 mg/kg/day, orally as positive control. The treatment was performed at third day until fifteenth day of parturition. The observed parameters include the galactagogue activity indicating by milk yield of lactating rats, the pup weight changes and lactating rats body weight changes during lactating period, mRNA expression of LALBA and AQP using quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and histopathological analysis of mammary glands at the end of treatment period. Result : The result showed that the PHF groups (52.5 and 105 mg/kg/day) and domperidone were significantly increased milk production of lactating rats (p < 0.05). The levels of mRNA expression of LALBA and AQPs were significantly upregulated by 105 mg/kg/day of PHF or 2.7 mg/kg of domperidone administration (p < 0.0001). Histopathological analysis of mammary glands shows that alveoli diameter was increase 14.59 and 19.33% at 105 mg/kg of PHF and 2.7 mg/kg of domperidone treatment, respectively. Conclusion : The study suggested that PHF has potentially to induce galactagogue activity on lactating period through upregulation of LALBA and AQP genes at the mRNA level. |
| 2020 | Optimasi Carbomer, Propilen Glikol, dan Trietanolamin Dalam Formulasi Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kembang Bulan (Tithonia diversifolia) | Amira Fawwaz Tsabitah, Abdul Karim Zulkarnain, Mae Sri Hartanti Wahyuningsih, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih | Ekstrak etanol daun kembang bulan atau Tithonia diversifolia telah diteliti memiliki kemampuan sebagai anti keloid yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan formula gel dengan sifat fisik dan stabilitas yang baik. Metode yang digunakan dalam optimasi ini adalah Simplex Lattice Design. Formula optimum gel dibuat dari bahan carbomer, propilen glikol, dan trietanolamin. Parameter yang diukur adalah viskositas, pH, daya sebar, freeze and thaw cycles, dan sineresis. Hasil uji kemudian dianalisis menggunakan paired t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa formula optimum gel terdiri dari 0,81% carbomer, 5,9% propilen glikol, dan 0,58% trietanolamin dengan viskositas 155,96 d.Pas, daya sebar 4,06 cm, pH 5,50, dan sineresis 0,64%. Basis gel yang dihasilkan bening, memiliki viskositas 156,10 ± 2,87 d.Pas, daya sebar 3,95 ± 0,07 cm, pH 5,50 ± 0,00, dan sineresis 0,46 ± 0,00 %. Sediaan basis gel stabil dalam uji stabilitas fisik. Gel ekstrak etanol daun kembang bulan yang dihasilkan memiliki viskositas 77,70 ± 2,30 d.Pas, daya sebar 4,55 ± 0,21 cm, pH 5,32 ± 0,01, dan sineresis 1,42 ± 0,28 %. Sediaan gel ekstrak etanol daun kembang bulan kurang stabil dalam uji stabilitas fisik pada viskositas yang mengalami penurunan, daya sebar yang mengalami kenaikan, pH yang mengalami kenaikan, dan sineresis yang meningkat. |
| 2020 | Curcumin Prevents Epithelial-to Mesenchymal Transition-Mediated Ovarian Cancer Progression through NRF2/ETBR/ET-1 Axis and Preserves Mitochondria Biogenesis in Kidney after Cisplatin Administration | Agian Jeffilano Barinda, Wawaimuli Arozal, Ni Made Dwi Sandhiutami, Melva Louisa, Nur Arfian, Normalina Sandora, and Muhammad Yusuf | Purpose: Ovarian carcinoma is one of the gynaecological malignancies that have the highest mortality rates due to its progressivity. Endothelin signalling plays a leading role in the progression of ovarian cancer through Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Cisplatin commonly used as potent chemotherapy; however, its application hindered by its nephrotoxic effect. Curcumin, a turmeric-derived compound, has an anticancer property, as well as a renal protective effect. Moreover, curcumin augments the affinity of the antioxidant enzyme, while inhibits endothelin-1 (ET-1) signalling. The effects of curcumin on ovarian cancer progression and cisplatin-induced kidney injury remain unknown. Methods: Curcumin was used as a supplementary therapy together with cisplatin in Human Ovarian Cancer Cell line (SKOV3) and also in rodent-induced ovarian cancer. The kidney phenotype in the ovarian cancer rat model after cisplatin ± curcumin administration will also be analyzed Results: Co-treatment of cisplatin with curcumin enhanced the expression of a gene involved in apoptosis in association with NRF2 enhancement, thus activated ETBR-mediated ET-1 clearance in SKOV3 cell and ovarian cancer model in rat. Moreover, curcumin treatment improved mitochondria biogenesis markers such as PGC-1α and TFAM and prevented the elevated of ET-1-mediated renal fibrosis and apoptosis in kidney isolated from cisplatin-treated ovarian cancer rat. Conclusion: Curcumin could be potentially added as an anticancer adjuvant with protective effects in the kidney; thus, improves the efficacy and safety of cisplatin treatment in the clinical setting. |
| 2020 | Effect of tagitinin C isolated from kembang bulan [Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray] leaves on VEGF and TNF-α expressions of keloid fibroblast | Arif Yusuf Wicaksana, Dwi Aris Nugrahaningsih, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Tagitinin C, an active constituent of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray, has been proven can inhibit the collagen deposition of keloid fibroblasts in vitro. However, its mechanism of action has not been widely studied. One possible mechanism involves growth factors and cytokines. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) play an important role in the collagen deposition. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of tagitinin C on VEGF and TNF-α expression in keloid fibroblasts culture. An experimental laboratory study using fibroblast cell lines at passages III and IV was performed. Treatments were divided into two groups i.e. the treatment groups after incubation with tagitinin C at various concentration of 1, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.125μg/ mL for 72 h, and the control group using culture media without tagitinin C. Following after incubation, the VEGF and TNF-α levels of keloid fibroblast culture supernatant were measured by ELISA. Kruskal-Wallis test continued using Mann-Whitney test or one way Anova continued by independent t test were applied to evaluate the differences between groups. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The VEGF levels significantly decreases in concentration-dependent manner after treatment of the tagitinin C at various concentrations (p 0.05). In conclusion, tagitinin C decreases the VEGF expression of keloid fibroblasts. However, it has no effect on the TNF-α expression. |
| 2020 | Optimization of Formula Granule of Lempuyang Gajah (Zingiber zerumbet (L) J.E.Smith) Rhizome Purified Extract as a Larvicide | Tri Murini, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Achmad Fudholi, Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto | Lempuyang gajah rhizome (Zingiber zerumbet (L) Smith is considered potential as larvicidal. A previous study has shown that the purified extract of Z. zerumbet rhizome was toxic against Adese aegypti larvae. The aim of the study it to formulate a purified extract of Z. zerumbet (L) Smith in granule preparations by combining Sodium starch glycolate, PVP K-30 and tween 80. The granule formulation was optimized by the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method with using Design expert program 7.1.5. The results showed that the interaction of the three components can increase the flow rate index, the angle of repose, and reduce absorption. The optimum formula obtained was Sodium starch glycolate 2%, PVP K-30 2%, and Tween 80 5%. The analysis of one sample t-test shows that there is no significant difference between the predicted parameter values and the experimental results of the flow rate index and angle of repose, while the absorption response is significantly different. The optimum formula for granules has larvicidal activity with 100% larval death during 12-hour treatment. |
| 2020 | Achatina fulica mucous improves cell viability and increases collagen deposition in UVB-irradiated human fibroblast culture | Ch. Tri Nuryana, Sofia Mubarika Haryana, Yohanes Widodo Wirohadidjojo, Nur Arfian | Introduction: Ultraviolet radiation induces skin photoaging by increasing matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). MMP-1 degrades type I and III collagen that comprise the dermal connective tissue. Achatina fulica mucous (AFM) is a natural remedy that has protective effects on fibroblasts and collagen. Objective: To investigate the effects of AFM on cell viability and collagen deposition in UVB-irradiated human fibroblast culture. Methods: The mucous was extracted from 50 Achatina fulica snails that were stimulated by a 5-10 Volt electricity shock for 30-60 seconds and converted into powder by the freeze-drying process. The human dermal fibroblast culture was divided into six groups: group 1 were normal fibroblasts without UVB irradiation as normal control, groups 2-5 consisted of 100 mJ/cm2 UVB-irradiated fibroblasts. Group 2 had no treatment as negative control, group 3 was treated by PRP 10% as positive control group and groups 4-6 were treated by various concentrations of AFM (3.9; 15.625 and 62.5 μg/mL). At the end of the experiment, the proliferation was assessed with MTT assay, furthermore collagen deposition was measured by Sirius red assay. Real Time-PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to quantify Coll I, Coll III and MMP-1 mRNA expression, then to measured COL 1/COL III ratio. Results: UVB induced significant lower viability, upregulated MMP-1 and downregulated COL I and COL III mRNA expressions. Meanwhile AFM treated groups demonstrated higher cell viability with downregulation of MMP-1 and upregulation of COL I and COL III mRNA expressions. The ratio of COL I/ III expression was significantly (p<0.05) lower in the AFM treated groups compared to the UVB group. Among AFM treated groups, administration of 62.5 μg/mL AFM represented the best result. Conclusion: AFM may ameliorate viability of UVB-irradiated human fibroblast culture which associates with downregulating MMP-1, upregulating COL I and Col III, and reducing COL I/III ratio. |
| 2020 | Pemberian minuman secang (Caesalpinia sappan l.) terhadap kadar malondialdehid plasma dan kebugaran jasmani pada pegawai penderita prehipertensi Effect of Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) drink toward plasma-malondialdehyde level and physical fitness in prehypertensive government office worker | Farida Fitriyanti, Susetyowati Susetyowati, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Background: Prehypertension is associated with a higher risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. A government office worker has lower physical activity, thus increasing the risk of hypertension, low physical fitness, and a higher level of oxidative stress. Free radical which is the product of oxidative stress can be reduced by antioxidants. Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is one of the ingredients in a traditional herbal drink (jamu) and a natural source of antioxidants in the form of polyphenol. Objective: The purpose of this study is to discover the effect of secang drink supplementation, and efficacy towards plasma MDA level and physical fitness on a government office worker. Methods: This study conducted with true experimental by pre and post-test control group design. The subject is 35 prehypertensive government office workers aged between 25-45 years old in Yogyakarta, divided into treatment and control groups. Secang is given in 3.8g teabag which brewed in 200cc hot water, consumed for 4 weeks. Plasma MDA level is measured using TBARS, and physical fitness is measured using the Harvard step test. Results are analyzed using student paired t-test, Pearson and Spearman correlation test, regression test, and ANOVA. Results: There’s insignificant decrease of plasma MDA level between intervention group (from 4,28±3,16 to 3,66±1,21) and control group (4,85±2,35 to 3,65±1,33). There’s difference on Harvard step test results, intervention group increase from 35,54±20,18 to 48,09±21,86 in male, while 11,56±4,94 to 13,87±6,25 in female. In control group, male subject increase 29,20±10,06 to 38,18±23,62, but decrease 13,30±7,12 to 13,26±2,92 in female. Conclusions: 4 weeks drinks of 3.8 g Secang drink brewed in 200ml hot water, shows no evidence of lowering oxidative stress (MDA) in plasma, but it may increase physical fitness. |
| 2020 | Yacon Extract Attenuated Kidney Fibrosis in 5/6-subtotal Nephrectomy Mouse Model by Upregulating HGF and BMP-7 mRNA Expression | Setyo Purwono, Abdur Rahman Faqih Al Jundi, I Made Kawiyasa, Alfina Meidina Rizka Cahyatika, Andika Putra Cipta, Galih Asa Andrianto, Rendy Candra, Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari, Fajar Dwi Astarini, Eryna Ayu, Nugra Desita, Nur Arfian | Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to tubular injury, kidney fibrosis and anemia. These conditions are influenced by fibrotic and anti-fibrotic substances, such as Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), Hepatic Growth Factor (HGF), and Bone Morphogenic Protein-7 (BMP-7). Yacon is an herbal medicine which has not been elucidated in CKD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Yacon leaves on attenuating renal injury in CKD model in mice. Methods: We performed 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (SN) in male Swiss-Webster mice (3 months old, 30–40 grams) to induce chronic kidney disease, then the mice were sacrificed at day 14. The mice (n=25) were divided into five groups: one SN group, three groups of SN with administration of Yacon extract, and one group of sham operation (SO, with supplementation of 0.1% aquadest). There were three different doses of ethanolic extract of Yacon leaves: 98 mg/kg BW (SN+YK1), 49 mg/kg BW (SN+YK2), and 24.5 BW mg/kg (SN+YK3). Tubular injury, perivascular and interstitial fibrosis were quantified based on histopathological examination. Reverse-transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to quantify HGF and BMP-7. Results: SN group demonstrated CKD with elevation of creatinine level, anemia, tubular injury, glomerulosclerosis, and fibrosis. Yacon extract treatment showed attenuation of injury with lower creatinine level, tubular injury, glomerulosclerosis and fibrosis compared to the SN group. HGF and BMP-7 mRNA expressions were higher in Yacon-treated groups than the SN group. Conclusion: Yacon treatment might ameliorate CKD through reducing fibrosis and increasing expression of anti-fibrotic genes. |
| 2019 | Non Specific and Specific Parameter Standardization Of Banana Peel (Musa paradisciata Sapientum) and Andrographis Paniculata | Jastria Pusmarani, Risky Juliansyah Putri, Citra Dewi, Setyo Purwono, Zullies Ikawati | Purpose: The aim of this study is to standardize the methanol extract of banana peel (Musa paradisciata sapientum) and ethanolic extract of Andrographis Paniculata and Phytochemical screening of banana peel extract and Andrographis Paniculata. Methodology: Standardization of the extract conducting with two parameters, they are specific and nonspecific parameters. Results: Content of water solvent of banana peel as many as 47.8% and as many as 35.79% in Andrographis Paniculata. Phytochemical screening result reveals that banana peel extract contains saponin, polyphenol, tannin, flavonoid, and terpenoid. Andrographis Paniculata extract contains alkaloid, steroid, terpenoid, flavonoid and saponin. Non-specific parameter can be observed based on water content, total ash content, non-soluble acid ash content and drying losses. Water content of methanol extract of banana peel as many as 8.47% and Andrographis Paniculata leaves as many as 7.91%. The result of total ash content of banana peel as many as 17.99% and Andrographis Paniculata leaves as many as 17.23%. Ash content of insoluble acid of banana peel as many as 3.15% and Andrographis Paniculata leaves as many as 5.10%. The result of drying loss determination of the extract of plantain peel is 9.37% and sambiloto leaves is8.82%. Applications/Originality/Value: Based on specific and non-specific standardization parameter assay which consist of methanol extract of banana peel and Andrographis Paniculata leaves meet the standardization of quality. |
| 2019 | The effect of 5α-oleandrin on keloid fibroblast activities | Ishandono Dachlan, Yohanes Widodo Wirohadidjojo, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Teguh Aryandono, Hardyanto Soebono & Dwiki Afandy | Background: Keloids develop due to hyperactivity of keloid fibroblast (KF) in proliferation, migration, and collagen deposition along with low rates of collagen degradation. These are a result of the Wnt/β catenin signaling pathways under stimulation of TGF-β. 5α-oleandrin can suppress Wnt-targeted genes of osteosarcoma cells. We aimed to evaluate the anti-fibrotic effects of 5α-oleandrin on KF activities. Methods: We collected the core of keloid materials from six patients who underwent keloid debulking surgery. Passage 4 of KF cells were then treated with mitomycin-C, 5α-oleandrin, and dilution medium as the negative control. To determine the effective dose of 5α-oleandrin, we diluted 5α-oleandrin into various concentrations. The incubation periods were 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The anti-proliferation and anti-fibrotic properties were measured using standard assay. Results: Both the mitomycin-C and 5α-oleandrin treated groups indicated decrease in proliferation index (86.16 ± 4.20% and 73.76 ± 4.94%, respectively), collagen deposition index (90.26 ± 1.72% and 71.35 ± 4.26%, respectively), and migration capacity (33.51 ± 1.50% and 28.57 ± 1.58%, respectively). These were significant changes (p ≤ 0.05) compared to the non-treated group. Antifibrotic activities of 5α-oleandrin in cellular proliferation and collagen deposition were better than mitomycin-C. Conclusions: The 5α-oleandrin has good antifibrotic effect in keloid fibroblast activities. |
| 2019 | Blood Pressure Lowering Effect of Polyherbal Preparation Containing Allium Sativum, Belericae Fructus, Curcuma Aeruginosa, and Amomi Fructus on Rat Model of Hypertension | Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Sholikhah EN, Mustofa M, Yuliani FS, Purwono S, Ngatidjan N | Objective: The study aimed to investigate the blood pressure lowering effect of the polyherbal preparation contains Allium sativum, Belericae fructus, Curcuma aeruginosa, and Amomi fructus in the animal model of hypertension. Methods: Deoxycorticosterone acetate uninephrectomy salt rat model was used to develop hypertension model. Hypertensive rats were divided into five groups that were no treatment (negative control group [NEG]), hydrochlorothiazide treatment, polyherbal preparation 63 mg/kg treatment (DOSE 1), polyherbal preparation 126 mg/kg treatment (DOSE 2), and polyherbal preparation 252 mg/kg treatment (DOSE 3). The treatment was started after hypertension developed and given for 3 weeks. Results: The result showed that the mean of systolic blood pressure in DOSE 2 group was significantly lower compared with those on NEG group (145.86 mmHg vs. 174.71 mmHg, p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study provides evidence to support the use of the polyherbal preparation containing A. sativum, B. fructus, C. aeruginosa, and A. fructus for lowering blood pressure. |
| 2019 | Aloe vera stimulate cell proliferation, cell migration, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK-1) on fibroblast of diabetic rat models | Insanul Firdaus, Nur Arfian, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Denny Agustiningsih | The disturbance of cell migration and cell proliferation,diminished production of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK-1) are important factors in wound healing process. Aloe vera contains active compounds which can help in the wound healing process. Thestudy aimed to investigate the effect of ethanol extract ofA. veraon cell proliferation, cell migration, VEGF-A and JNK-1 expression of skin fibroblast cells of diabetic rats. The primary skin fibroblast cells were isolated from diabetic Wistar rat and incubated with the A. vera extract in various concentrations i.e. 500 (AV500), 250 (AV250), and 125 µg/Ml (AV125) for 24, 48 and 72 h.The cell proliferation was examined visually by counting the cells number, the cell migration was observed using in vitro scratch assay, whereas VEGF-A and JNK-1 expression were examined using RT-PCR. In 24 and 48h incubation,the cell proliferation of AV500 and AV250 groups had higher number of cells than negative control group,but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). However in72 h incubation,the cell proliferation of AV500 group (29.33±1.28x104 cells/mL)was significantly different compared to negative control group (22.91±3.21x104 cells/mL) (p<0.05). In 24 h incubation, the cell migration of AV500(78.13±7.18%), AV250 (73.88±4.75%) and AV125 (68.80±17.11%) groupswere significantly higher thanthat of negative control group (53.91±2.74%) (p0.05).The expression of VEGF-A and JNK-1 after incubation with the AV500 for 48 h, weresignificantly higher than those of negative control group (p<0.05).In conclusion, A. vera increases cell proliferation, cell migration, VEGF-A and JNK-1 expression offibroblast cellof diabetic rat skin. |
| 2019 | Polyherbal formulation containing Saoropus androgynous, Trigonella foenum-graceum, and Moringa oleifera increased the expression of mRNA smooth muscle α-actin (ACTA2) and cytokeratin 14 (CK14) in lactating rats | Fara Silvia Yuliani, Setyo Purwono, Ahmad Hamim Sadewa, Didik Setyo Heriyanto, Rahmaningsih Mara Sabirin, Mustofa | Polyherbal formulation (PHF) containing extracts of Sauropus androgynous, Trigonella foenum-graceum and Moringa oleifera has been proven can induce milk production in animal model. However, its molecular of action has not been elucidated, yet. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the PHF on the mRNA expressions of α-actin smooth muscle (ACTA2) and cytokeratin 14 (CK14) on the myoepithelial cells of the lactating rats mammary glands. Thirty female Wistar rats were divided into five groups with six of each. Group I was orally administered aquadest. Group II, III, and IV rats were orally administered the PHF at dose level of 26.25, 52.5, and 105 mg/kg once a day, for 15 days, respectively. Group V was orally administered 2.7 mg domperidone. On 16th day, rats were sacrificed. Mammary glands were isolated and processed for mRNA expression analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results demonstrated that the mRNA expression of ACTA2 and CK14 increased in dose-dependent manner in the groups of PHF. Significantly different between the Group III, IV, and V compared to Group I was observed (p 0.05). In conclusion, the PHF increases the mRNA expression of ACTA2 and CK14 on myoepithelial cells of the mammary glands on lactating rats. |
| 2019 | Centella asiatica (L.) extract attenuates inflammation and improve insulin sensitivity in a coculture of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages | Siska Andrina Kusumastuti, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Insulin resistance in obese condition is related to chronic low-grade inflammation which leads to insulin signaling impairment. Centella asiatica (L.) is an herb that exhibits anti-inflammatory and blood sugar-lowering activity (hypoglycemia). The study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of C. asiatica extract in insulin sensitivity improvement in a coculture of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages. A coculture of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages were incubated with LPS to induce insulin resistance in the adipocytes. An extract of C. asiatica was added to coculture cells and after 24 hours, insulin sensitivity and inflammatory response were determined, including glucose consumption, glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression. C. asiatica extract at a concentration of 500 µg/mL increased glucose consumption and induced GLUT-4 and IRS-1 mRNA expression significantly in a coculture of LPS-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 mRNA expression was decreased in the coculture cells after treatment with C. asiatica extract at a concentration of 500 µg/mL. This result indicates that C. asiatica has an effect to stimulate glucose consumption in the coculture cells that might be mediated via GLUT-4/IRS-1 pathway as a result of IL-6 inhibition. These findings suggest that the C. asiatica extract inhibits inflammation and improves insulin sensitivity in a coculture of LPS-induced 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW 264.7 macrophages. |
| 2019 | Mixture of Extract Nerium indicum Mill and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray. Inhibits the Migration Activity, Expressions of TGF-β1 and VEGF Keloid Fibroblasts | Indwiani Astuti, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Nerium indicum Mill and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray. have been studied as potential anti-keloid agents. The mechanism of action of each marker compound, 5α-oleandrin in N. indicum and tagitinin C in T. diversifolia, have been examined for their ability to inhibit proliferation, collagenation, migration, and TGF-β1 expression of keloid fibroblasts. However, the mixed ethanolic extract of N. indicum and T. diversifolia has yet to be investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the mechanism of action of the mixed ethanolic extract of N. indicum (NiE) and T. diversifolia (TdE) against the migration activity, TGF-β1 and VEGF expressions of keloid fibroblasts. The fibroblast migration activity was tested through an in-vitro scratch assay, while TGF-β1 and VEGF expressions were investigated using the Elisa Kits supplied by Bender MedSystems. A mixture of NiE+TdE (8 µg/mL concentration) incubated for 48 hours could optimally inhibit the migration activity compared to the control. The mixture of NiE+TdE at a concentration of 16 µg/mL could suppress TGF-β1 expression compared to the control (p<0.05), and such mixture could also significantly inhibit VEGF expressions as opposed to the control (p<0.05). The mixed extract of NiE+TdE possessed a mechanism of action to inhibit migration activity, TGF-β1 and VEGF expressions of keloid fibroblasts. |
| 2019 | Ethanol Extract of Centella asiatica (Gotu Kola) Attenuates Tubular Injury Through Inhibition of Inflammatory Cytokines and Enhancement of Anti-Fibrotic Factor in Mice with 5/6 Subtotal Nephrectomy | Nur Arfian, Wiwit Ananda Wahyu Setyaningsih, Nungki Anggorowati, Muhammad Mansyur Romi, Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari | Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to inflammation, fibrosis and destruction of the renal architecture. Centella asiatica (CeA) is an herbaceous plant with anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to elucidate the effect of CeA on inflammation, fibrosis, vascular remodelling and antifibrotic substances in a 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy (SN) model in mice. Methods: Mice were divided into three groups: sham operation (SO, n = 6), 5/6 SN for seven days (SN7, n = 7) and SN7 with oral CeA treatment (SN7-CeA, n = 7). At day 7, mice were euthanised, kidneys were harvested and stained with periodic-acid Schiff (for tubular injury and glomerulosclerosis) and sirius red (for fibrosis and vascular remodeling) staining. mRNA expression of prepro-endothelin-1, nephrin, E-cadherin, bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) were quantified using reverse transcriptase-PCR. Results: SN group demonstrated significant higher interstitial fibrosis, vascular remodeling, tubular injury and glomerulosclerosis (P < 0.01) compared to SO group. Meanwhile, in SN7-CeA demonstrated attenuation of vascular remodeling as shown by significant higher lumen area with lower Wall/Lumen area ratio compared to SN7. RT-PCR analysis showed up-regulation of nephrin, BMP-7 and E-cadherin mRNA expression (P < 0.05) and down-regulation of ppET-1 in SN7-CeA group compared to SN7 group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: CeA may ameliorate renal injury in the SN model in mice. |
| 2019 | Ethanolic Extract of Tithonia Diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray Inhibits Migration Activity and Decrease the Transforming Growth Factor-Beta1, Vegf Expression on Keloid Fibroblasts | Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Arief Budiyanto | Objectives: Keloid occurred due to abnormal wound healing, characterized by massive fibroblast proliferation and excessive collagen accumulation. Tithonia diversifolia Hemsley A. Gray has been known to show antiproliferative effect against some cancer cells in vitro. However, its potential as antikeloid has not been explored. This study aims to assess the T. diversifolia ethanolic extract effect on fibroblast migration activity, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of keloid fibroblasts in vitro. Methods: Fibroblasts were isolated from keloid collected from patient keloid tissue. The migration activity of keloid fibroblasts was assessed using scratch assay. The TGF-β1 and VEGF expression examination was done using ELISA. Results: Ethanolic extract of T. diversifolia treatment at a concentration of 20 µg/ml, 10 µg/ml, and 5 µg/mL for 24 h on keloid fibroblasts culture showed slower migration activity compare to those on keloid fibroblast culture without treatment (p<0.05). The TGF-β1 and VEGF expression was significantly lower in ethanolic extract of T. diversifolia treatment group compared to those on keloid fibroblast without treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of T. diversifolia inhibits fibroblast migration activity and decrease the expression of VEGF and TGF-β1 on keloid fibroblasts in vitro. |
| 2019 | Effects of Poly-herbal Tablet as Herbal Medicine on Lipid Level | Woro Rukmi Pratiwi, Eti Nurwening Sholikhah, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Mia Munawaroh Yuniyanti, Mustofa Mustofa, Ngatidjan Ngatidjan | Dyslipidemia is one of the high-risk factors that cause cardiovascular disease and the prevalence is increasing all the time. Garlic (Alii sativi) has been suggested to reduce serum lipid level. Poly-herbal is herbal medicine that has been widely used in Indonesia, and it contains Alii sativi, Belericae fructus, Curcumae aeroginosae, and Amomi fructus extract. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of poly-herbal tablet on lipid levels in dylipidemia subjects. The study was conducted for 6 weeks on 58 dyslipidemic subjects. The subject was divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was given Poly-herbal with the dose 2x1200 mg, and group 2 was not given anti-dyslipidemic drugs (control group). Serum lipid level (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides) were checked before the treatment (H0) and after the treatment (M6). There was a significant difference on the reduction of serum lipids level between the group that given Poly-herbal vs control group, respectively total cholesterol (-12.04±3.2 vs 8.38±4.3; p=.000), LDL (-4.42±2.8 vs 6.93±4.7; p=.049) and HDL (-2.62+1.0 vs 3.31+1.4; p=.005). Triglyceride level on Poly-herbal group is not significantly decreased. In Poly-herbal group there was also a decrease in HDL levels which was not statistically significant (-2.62±1, p=.015). This is probably due to the HDL baseline in the control group included in the normal HDL category (57.38 ± 14.9) so that the HDL levels after being given treatment did not increase. This study suggests that using Poly-herbal in dyslipidemia subjects can reduce the level of total cholesterol and LDL. |
| 2019 | Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Centella Asiatica Extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats | Akbar Satria Fitriawan, Ririn Wahyu Widayati, Wiwit Ananda W.S, Nur Arfian, Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari | Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems and tends to increase throughout the years. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus causes both microvascular and macrovascular complication. One of the active compounds of Centella asiatica (CeA) extract is madecassic acid which acts as an agonist of PPAR-ï§. Through PPAR-ï§ activation, CeA enhances the expression of the lipolysis regulator proteins such as perilipin and Angptl-4, reduces NEFA production, prevents meta-inflammation, and increases insulin sensitivity. But no study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of long-term administration of CeA extract on chronic diabetes mellitus. We aim to elucidate the effect of longterm of CeA extract administration on blood glucose levels and lipid profiles in diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus induced through single dose injection of Streptozotocin 60 mg/kgBW intraperitoneally for 1 month (DM1M) and two months (DM2M). Centella asiatica (CeA)-treated groups (400 mg/KgBW/day) were administered per-orally for 1 month (DM1C) and 2 months (DM2C) to diabetes mellitus rats. After the due date, the rats were sacrificed and the blood was taken from retro-orbital vein to assess blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels. CeAtreated groups significantly diminished blood glucose and cholesterol levels compared to diabetes mellitus groups (p<0.05). Two months but not a month CeA-treated groups showed significantly decreased of LDL level (p<0.05) compared to diabetes mellitus groups. Moreover, the triglyceride level significantly increased (p<0.05) in CeA-treated groups compared to diabetes mellitus groups. Centella asiatica extract exerts antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity on chronic streptozotocininduced diabetic rats. |
| 2019 | The Effect of Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn) on Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Clinical Trial | Dwi Sarbini, Emy Huriyati, Hamim Sadewa, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Insulin resistance in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is indicated with high fasting blood glucose level, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. The long-time consume of diabetes drugs would bring harm. Rosella can be used as a complementary drug to improve insulin resistance and prevent T2DM complications. This study seeks the effect of consuming Rosella on fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and HOMAIR in T2DM patients. The study design used double-blinded & placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial with intervention (placebo and Rosella) for 8 weeks. The sample consisted of 52 T2DM outpatients at Health Office Yogyakarta City. Measurement of fasting blood glucose was conducted through GOD-PAP method, fasting insulin was measured by MEIA, HOMA-IR was calculated with HOMA Calculator 2.2.3 Version. Analysis of the influence of Rosella on fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR level in one group were tested with the Wilcoxon Signed Test and the effect between groups were tested through Mann Whitney with a significance level of 95%. Rosella consumption can reduce fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR levels. There was a significant effect of Rosella administration on decreasing fasting blood glucose level in T2DM patients (p=0.001) but there were no significant effect on decreasing fasting plasma insulin level and HOMA-IR levels (p=0.932 and p=0.368). Rosella can improve insulin resistance by reducing fasting blood glucose levels, fasting insulin levels and HOMA-IR values. |
| 2019 | Katekin dalam Teh Hijau sebagai Kelator Alami pada Individu Terpapar Plumbum Pembawa Polimorfisme Gena Nitrit Oksida Sintase 3 | Hernayanti Hernayanti, Sukarti Moeljopawiro, Ahmad Hamim Sadewa, Nurtjahjo Dwi Sasongko, Hexa Apriliana Hidayah | Teh hijau merupakan salah satu jenis teh yang banyak dikenal karena berkhasiat untuk menyembuhkan berbagai penyakit contohnya hipertensi. Daun teh hijau mengandung senyawa polifenol yang dikenal sebagai catechin. Catechin dapat berfungsi sebagai penangkap radikal bebas seperti senyawa singlet oksigen, radikal hidroksil dan peroksinitrit. Berdasarkan sifat tersebut catechin diharapkan dapat mengatasi keracunan logam berat Pb pada individu terpapar Pb. Pengobatan keracunan Pb selama ini menggunakan senyawa kelator kimiawi dimerkaprol, namun dilaporkan pemakaiannya menimbulkan efek samping berupa naiknya tekanan darah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk 1) mengetahui efek teh hijau terhadap kadar NO pada individu terpapar Pb pembawa polimorfisme dan non polimorfisme gena NOS3. 2) mengetahui efek teh hijau terhadap tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pada individu terpapar Pb pembawa polimorfisme dan non polimorfisme gena NOS3. Penelitian menggunakan metode survai dengan rancangan kasus kontrol. 30 orang pekerja bengkel mobil di Purwokerto sebagai subyek kasus dan 30 orang subyek kontrol berasal dari desa Pamijen, yang diperkirakan tidak terpolusi Pb. Untuk mengetahui adanya polimorfisme, gena individu ditentukan dengan metode PCR-RFLP. Enzim restriksi MboI untuk gena NOS3. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar Pb darah, NO, tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik. Data dianalisis dengan uji t berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 40% dari 30 orang subyek kasus terdeteksi sebagai individu pembawa polimorfisme gena NOS3 dengan genotip GA dan DNA terpotong enzim MboI sepanjang 206 bp, 119 bp dan 87 bp. Sebanyak 60 % subyek kasus terdeteksi sebagai individu non polimorfisme dengan genotip GG, DNA terletak pada 206 bp. Kadar NO setelah pemberian teh hijau mengalami peningkatan baik pada individu pembawa polimorfisme gena NO3 maupun non polimorfisme, sedangkan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pada kedua kelompok individu mengalami penurunan. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian teh hijau dapat digunakan sebagai kelator alami keracunan Pb. |
| 2019 | Efek Sitotoksik Madu dan Silver Dressing Terhadap Sel Fibroblas Dalam Media Tinggi Glukosa: Studi In Vitro | Januar Rizqi, Denny Agustiningsih, Dwi Aris Agung, Nur Arfian | Penyembuhan luka diabetes merupakan proses yang unik dan kompleks. Sejumlah dressing dikembangkan untuk mengetahui manfaat yang diharapkan meningkatkatkan proses penyembuhan. Penelitian in vivo maupun in vitro madu dan silver menunjukan hasil yang berbeda. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut aktifitas sitotoksik madu dan silver terhadap sel fibroblas dalam media tinggi glukosa. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah madu dan silver bersifat sitotoksik terhadap sel fibroblast dalam media tinggi glukosa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimental dengan post test only desain. Kultur sel fibroblast di uji sitotoksik dengan meggunakan metode MTT Assay secara in vitro. Kelompok penelitian dibagi menjadi kelompok madu dengan konsentrasi 6%, 3% 1.5% dan kelompok Silver. Silver memiliki efek sitotoksik terhadap sel fibroblas dengan nilai penghambatan sebesar 100%. Madu dengan konsentrasi 6% dan 3% memiliki nilai penghambatan lebih dari 50%. Madu konsentrasi 1,5% menujukan proses penghambatan kurang dari 50% dan meningkatkan proses priliferasi sel fibroblas dalam media tinggi glukosa. Madu memiliki aktifitas sitotoksik yang lemah terhadap sel fibroblas dan dapat meningkatkan proliferasi sel, sedangkan silver memiliki aktifitas sitotoksik yang kuat terhadap sel fibroblast. |
| 2019 | Effect of Secang Drink (Caesalpinia Sappan L.) on Plasma Nitric Oxide Level and Blood Pressure in Prehypertension Peoples | Ayu Januariyatun, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Susetyowati | The is experimental with pre-post test control group design. This study aimed to know the effect of second drink on the plasma NO (Nitric Oxide) level and blood pressure in an officer with prehypertension. The subjects were 36 officers at Balaikota Yogyakarta Indonesia aged 25-45 years that divided into two groups: the intervention group who was given second drink (3.8-gram second in 200 mL of water) for four weeks and a control group who not given second drink. Plasma NO level was measured using the Griess method and blood pressure were measured using a mercury sphygmomanometer. There were no significant differences between intervention and control group (p>0.05) of plasma NO level increase (2.69 (-10.69-25.29) µmol/L versus 2.32(-7.65-18.48) µmol/L), systolic blood pressure decrease (4.20±7.27 mmHg versus 3.95±7.08 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure decrease (4.99±9.12 mmHg versus 4.46±8.62 mmHg). In summary, secang drink could increase plasma NO level and decrease blood pressure but not significant compared to the control group. Further research is needed to prove this result. |
| 2018 | Antiplasmodial and onset speed of growth inhibitory activities of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A Gray leaf fractions against Plasmodium falciparum | Rul A Syarif, Mae SH Wahyuningsih, M Mustofa, N Ngatidjan | Purpose: To investigate the antiplasmodial and onset of growth inhibitory activities of T. diversifolia fractions against Plasmodium falciparum FCR3 strain. Methods: Seven fractions of T. diversifolia (F1-F7) were used in this study. Phytochemical analysis was conducted to identify the major compounds in the fractions. Various concentrations of fractions ranging from 2.5 – 100.0 μg/mL were exposed to P. falciparum FCR3 strain for 60 h and the growth inhibition was then calculated. The fraction which exhibited the best antiplasmodial activity was tested further to determine the growth inhibition onset against P. falciparum FCR3 strain. This was achieved by examining the inhibitory activity of the fraction when it was added at the beginning of the experiment and assessing subsequent parasite growth after 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 h incubation. Results: The major compounds found in the fractions were terpenes. Fraction six (F6) had the best antiplasmodial activity (IC50 13.63 ± 1.43 μg/mL). During the first 32 h of incubation, F6 inhibited the growth of parasites and this increased with longer incubation time; 32 h incubation provided the highest growth inhibition (99.23 ± 0.05 %). After 32 h the inhibition activity began to decrease, and resulted in < 50 % inhibition at 48 h incubation. This result suggested that F6 is a rapid-onset antiplasmodial agent. Conclusion: Fractions of T. diversifolia, especially F6, are promising antimalarial agents and require further development for clinical application. |
| 2018 | Pengaruh Kombinasi Ekstrak Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A.Gray dan Curcuma domestica Val. pada Fungsi Hati dan Ginjal Tikus Model Kanker | Angga Anugerah, Woro Rukmi Pratiwi, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray dan rimpang kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) memiliki senyawa bioaktif yang dapat dijadikan kandidat obat antikanker. Penelitian in vivo tentang efek kombinasi dua tanaman tersebut terhadap fungsi hati dan ginjal belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efek campuran ekstrak etanol T. diversifolia (Td) dan C. domestica (Cd) terhadap fungsi hati dan ginjal tikus betina Sprague Dawley (SD) yang telah diinduksi dengan DMBA. Menggunakan desain quasi experimental. Sebanyak 31 ekor tikus betina dibagi menjadi 6 grup yaitu grup 1 (sehat); grup 2 (Positif); grup 3 (Kanker); grup 4 (Td+Cd dosis 1); grup 5 (Td+Cd dosis 2); grup 6 (Td+Cd dosis 3). DMBA yang digunakan untuk menginduksi kanker payudara diberikan 2 kali dalam satu minggu selama lima minggu. Setelah kanker payudara dapat dipalpasi muncul, kombinasi Td+Cd diberikan 2 kali sehari selama 4 minggu per oral dengan dosis masing-masing 40:150 mg/kgBB, 80:150 mg/kgBB, dan 160:150 mg/kgBB. Grup 2 (doxorubicin diberikan 0,032mg/20gBB intraperitoneal sekali dalam sehari selama 4 minggu). Tes fungsi hati dan ginjal dilakukan pada hari 0 dan hari terakhir dengan parameter SGOT, SGPT, Ureum, dan Kreatinin. Perbandingan hasil tes fungsi hati dan ginjal antara pemberian kombinasi Td+Cd dengan perbandingan dosis 40:150 mg/kgBB, 80:150 mg/kgBB, 160:150 mg/kgBB dan grup kontrol menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda signifikan. Parameter yang diukur adalah SGOT (p=0,847), SGPT (p=0,237), Creatinine (p=0,671), Ureum (p=459). Pemberian kombinasi ekstrak etanol kembang bulan dan rimpang kunyit dengan perbandingan dosis 40:150 mg/kgBB, 80:150 mg/kgBB, 160:150 mg/kgBB dan grup kontrol tidak memiliki efek signifikan terhadap fungsi hati dan fungsi ginjal. |
| 2018 | Ethanolic Garlic Extract (Allium sativumL) Increased Viability and Proliferation of Human Gingival Fibroblast In Vitro | I Bramanti, ISR Sudarso, MSH Wahyuningsih, T Wibawa, VM Karina, Banun Kusumawardani | Introduction: Garlic is a natural herb which can be used to be a good alternative treatment because cheap and safe. Garlic contains allicin which may has act antibacterial and antiinflammatory effect. Moreover, garlic extract has a good biocompatibility and can stimulate cell growth. Does garlic extract biocompatible and can stimulate cell growth that is seen from the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts and how its work will be studied. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the biocompatibility of garlic extract by observing the viability and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Methods: Biocompatibility test was conducted using serial concentration of garlic extract. Human gingival fibroblasts was seeded into 96 microwell plate with density of 2x10 cells, added with the fourteen serial concentration of garlic extract, and incubated in 37 o 3 C and 5% CO for 24, 48 and 72 hours. MTT assay was used to analyze the viability and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal Wallis and U Mann-Whitney test. Results: The result showed that in each time of observation, there is no significant difference in viability fibroblast (p>0,05), but there are significant difference between time of observation at 24, 48, and 72 hours (p <0.05).Data showed that all concentration of garlic extract increased the viability and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts. Conclusions: The ethanolic garlic extract has a good biocompatibility to human gingival fibroblasts culture cell and can stimulate the proliferation of human gingival fibroblast. |
| 2018 | Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Centella Asiatica Extract on Prevented Aortic Intima-Media Thickening in Diabetic Rats | Amalia Anita Hawas, Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Eti Nurwening Sholikhah, Sadli Syarifuddin, Rahmi Ayu Wijayaningsih, Ngatidjan Ngatidjan | Objectives: To explore the effect of C. asiatica extract on intima-media thickness, eNOS expression, and macrophage M1/M2 ratio in diabetic rats aorta. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats consisted of normal group and diabetic group which divided into negative control, positive control (captopril 50 mg/kg/day), C. asiatica extract (dose 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day). The aorta was harvested after treatment for 8 weeks to measure intima-media thickness, eNOS mRNA expression, and macrophage M1/M2 ratio. Results: Dose 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day C. asiatica extract prevent aortic intima-media thickening (p < 0.05). Then dose of 1000 mg/kg/day prevent the increase of M1/M2 ratio (p 0.05). Conclusion: The extract of C. asiatica has anti-inflammatory effect and ability to prevent intima-media thickening on diabetic rats aorta. |
| 2018 | Antidiabetic Effect of Rosella-Stevia Tea on Prediabetic Women in Yogyakarta, Indonesia | Noor Rohmah Mayasari, Susetyowati, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Probosuseno | Background: Rosella tea (Hibiscuss sabdariffa. Linn) with stevia sweetener (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a combined herbal drink that is expected to have antidiabetic effect by lowering glucose levels in people with diabetes and prediabetes. This research investigates the effect of rosella-stevia tea to decrease fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (2-hour postprandial BG) level in prediabetic women. Method: This is quasi-experimental research with control and treatment (rosella-stevia tea) group. Each group consists of 12 prediabetic women aged 30–60 years. Rosella-stevia tea (5 g rosella powder, 125 mg stevia sweetener) was administered to the treatment group twice a day for 14 days. Result: Rosella-stevia tea consumption affects blood glucose levels. Rosella-stevia tea consumption significantly lowered the FBG level (from 111.25 ± 7.20 mg/dL to 88.58 ± 13.19 mg/dL; p < 0.01) but not the 2-hour postprandial BG level (from 123.25 ± 37.61 mg/dL to 106.92 ± 18.82 mg/dL). There are no significant differences in the control group (FBG level from 106.00 ± 5.27 mg/dL to 102.08 ± 8.36, and 2-hour postprandial BG level from 119.83 ± 16.43 mg/dL to 128.00 ± 23.54 mg/dL). Conclusion: Rosella-stevia tea consumption can lower the FBG level but not the 2-hour postprandial BG level in prediabetic women. |
| 2018 | Ethanol Extract of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A Gray Standardized Ameliorates Hyperglycemia, Polyphagia, and Weight Loss in Diabetic Rats | Yulia Fauziyah, Sunarti Sunarti, Ita Fauzia Hanoum, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Diabetes mellitus is a state of chronic hyperglycemia which causes various complications. Traditionally, The Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A Gray leaf has long been used for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the T. diversifolia leaf on blood glucose, polyphagia, and weight loss in a diabetic rat model. Rats were made diabetic with intraperitonial injection of Nicotinamide and Streptozotocin and divided into 5 groups. Group 1 were healthy rats, group 2 were diabetic rats, while groups 3, 4, and 5 were diabetic rats treated with 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight of 70% ethanol extract of Tithonia diversifolia leaf respectively for 28 days. Blood was taken after treatment for measuring glucose. The ethanol extract of T. diversifolia leaf decreased blood glucose in diabetic rats (P<0.05). The ethanol extract of T. diversifolia leaf significantly suppresses polyphagia and improves diabetic rat weight (P <0.05). In conclusion, Tithonia diversifolia ethanolic extract has anti-hyperglycemic effect and ameliorated the effect of diabetes mellitus symptoms, namely polyphagia and weight loss. |
| 2018 | Ethanolic extract of the Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. leaf decreases cerebellar brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in rats after chronic stress | Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari, Desby Juananda, Mawaddah Ar-Rochmah, Mansyur Romi, Nur Arfian | Chronic stress produces glucocorticoid-induced neurotoxicity that may lead to alterations of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration in the brain. Cerebellum is known to be severely affected by glucocorticoids-associated oxidative damage. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. may protect neurons from oxidative damage. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of C. asiatica (L.) Urb. leaf on the rat cerebellar BDNF levels following stress. Twenty young-adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four experimental groups. The stress control group received aquadest, and the other groups were treated with different doses of the C. asiatica (L.) Urb. extract i.e 150 (CeA150), 300 (CeA300) and 600 (CeA600) mg/kg body weight/day orally, respectively and followed by chronic footshock stress for 28 days. Upon completion of the experimental period, all animals were sacrificed and the cerebellar was isolated. The BDNF levels from the cerebellar tissue lysate was measured using ELISA. The mean BDNF levels of the cerebellar tissue in the stress control, CeA150, CeA300 and CeA600 groups were 1217.10±301.40; 771.46±241.45; 757.05±268.29; and 627.00±246.02 pg/mL, respectively. Post-hoc analysis showed a significant difference between the control and treatment groups (p< 0.05). In conclusion, the ethanolic extracts of the C. asiatica (L.) Urb. leaf decrease the cerebellar BDNF levels in rats after chronic stress. |
| 2018 | Centella asiatica (L.) Urban extract administration prevent macrophage polarization towards M1 macrophage on the kidney of diabetic nephropathy rat model | Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih, Sadli Syarifuddin, Amalia Anita Hawas, Eti Nurwening Sholikhah, Ngatidjan Ngatidjan | Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). Diabetic nephropathy development in diabetes is related with machrophage polarization towards M1 macrophage. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (C. asiatica) is one of herbs used for nephron-protective agent. It is known to inhibit the activity of Angiotensine Coverting Enzyme (ACE). Objective: To investigate the effect of C. asiatica extract on kidney macrophage polarization of diabetic nephropathy rat model. Method: Rat was treated with Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide to develop type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The diabetic nephropathy developed 8 weeks after type 2 DM developed. The rats were divided into 6 groups of treatment which are non DM, DM without treatment, DM with captopril, DM with C. asiatica extract 250 mg / kg BW / day, DM with C. asiatica extract 500 mg / kg BW / day and DM with C. asiatica extract 1000 mg / kgBW / day. Treatment was given for 8 weeks. In the end of the treatment, the rats were put in metabolic cage for urin collection. Blood samples were taken to measure urea serum level. Rats were sacrificed and the kidney was collected for histological examination and M1 and M2 machrophage marker mRNA expression measurement were lower in Results: Urin protein, serum ureum level and glomerulosclerosis score were lower in C. asiatica extract treated group compare to those on DM without treatment group (p < 0.05). The highest M1 macrophage mRNA marker was in DM group. Meanwhile the lowest M2 macrophage mRNA marker was in DM group. The M1/M2 macrophage mRNA marker ratio C. asiatica extract treated group compare to those on DM without treatment group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: C. asiatica extract prevent macrophage polarization towards M1 on rat model of diabetic nephropathy. |
| 2018 | Efek Pemberian Aromaterapi Jeruk Masam terhadap Intensitas Nyeri pasca Bedah Sesar | S Sulastri, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Elsi Dwi Hapsari | Tindakan SC dapat menyebabkan nyeri dan mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan kontinuitas jaringan karena adanya pembedahan. Dampak nyeri terhadap ibu, yaitu terbatasnya ADL, bonding attachment dan mobilisasi karena adanya peningkatan intensitas nyeri apabila ibu bergerak. Dampak nyeri terhadap bayi yaitu dalam pemberian ASI, dan kurangnya perawatan bayi yang dilakukan oleh ibunya. Manajemen non farmakologi yang biasa digunakan salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan aromaterapi. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek antara aromaterapi Jeruk Masam terhadap intensitas nyeri pasca SC di RSUI YAKSSI Gemolong. Metode: Rancangan penelitian quasi experiment dengan pendekatan pre-test dan post-test with control group. Waktu pengambilan data Agustus-Oktober 2015 di RSUI Yakssi Gemolong Sragen Jawa Tengah. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu pasca SC di Rumah Sakit Umum Islam (RSUI) Yakssi Gemolong pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2015 sejumlah 97 orang. Sampel sejumlah 34. Teknik sampling dengan consecutive sampling. Variabel independen yaitu Jeruk Masam, variabel dependen yaitu penurunan intensitas nyeri pasca SC. Instrumen yang digunakan Numerical Rating Scale. Analisis data menggunakan Wilcoxon dan uji Mann Whitney. Hasil: Intensitas nyeri sebelum dan sesudah intervensi 6,00±1,044 vs 4,91±1,379, P=0,00. Penurunan nyeri 1,09. Ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara nyeri sebelum dan sesudah diberikan aromaterapi jeruk masam. Kesimpulan: Aromaterapi Jeruk Masam mempunyai efek dalam menurunkan intensitas nyeri pasca SC. |
| 2018 | Antimigration Activity of an Ethylacetate Fraction of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. Fruits in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells | Urip Harahap, Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun Hasibuan, Panal Sitorus, Nur Arfian, Denny Satria | Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the antimigration activity of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. in the 4T1 breast cancer cell line. Methods: Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. fruit powder was extracted by maceration method with n-hexane and ethylacetate solvents. Cytotoxicity and proliferation were assessed using the MTT method and the cell cycle by flow cytometry. In addition, wound healing assays were conducted by a microscopic method, and expression of COX-2 and VEGFR-2 were determined using qRT-PCR. Results: The IC50 of the ethylacetate fraction (EAF) was 48.1 ± 1.06 µg/mL. The EAE at a concentration 10 µg/mL with viable cells was 62.3 ± 0.28% after 72 h incubation, with accumulation in the G2-M phase, inhibition of cell migration in the wound healing assay, and decrease in expression of COX-2 (0.62 ± 0.01) and VEGFR-2 (0.39 ± 0.003). Conclusion: The results reveal that an ethylacetate fraction of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. fruits provides effective antimigration effects. Further studies are now planned to assess the potential of the ethylacetate fraction to inhibit angiogenesis in breast cancer and determine underlying mechanisms. |
| 2018 | Isolation and Identification of Naturally Occurring Larvicidal Compound Isolated from Zingiber Zerumbet (L). J.E. Smith | Tri Murini, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Tri Baskoro T Satoto, Achmad Fudholi, Muhammad Hanaf | Objective: A naturally occurring larvicidal compound is an alternative to eradication of Aedes aegypti larvae. This compound is toxic to larvae but relatively safe for human. Rhizome of Lempuyang gajah (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) J. E. Smith) has been used traditionally to prevent mosquito bites. An initial study indicated that petroleum ether (PE) soluble fraction of the methanol (MeOH) extract of Z. zerumbet was toxic against larvae lethal concentration (LC50), 67.01±2.35 versus 153.57±4.01 ppm (MeOH ext.). Therefore, this study aimed to isolate and identify the compounds with larvicidal activity from Z. zerumbet rhizome. Methods: The PE soluble (PE-soluble) fraction was subjected to a bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation method to obtain four (4) fractions (I-IV). Two compounds (1 and 2) were isolated from Fraction I that was the most active compared to other fractions (II-IV). Compound 1 turned out to be more active than compound 2; therefore, compound 1 was then identified by means of spectroscopic data. Results: Based on the LC50 values, compound 1 was more active than compound 2 (LC50, 41.75±0.05 and LC90, 57.66±3.37 [1] versus 1122.27±1.80 and 1875.69±1.35 ppm [2]), and compound 1 was identified as Zerumbone. Conclusion: Zerumbone was the main active compound; in the future, this compound can be formulated as a standardized preparation based on the content. |
| 2018 | Peppermint oil prevented oxidative stress in experimental animal – induced acute single bout of eccentric exercise (ASBEE): study on blood catalase and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) expression on the muscle cells | Dewi Aryanti, Denny Agustiningsih, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Peppermint oil is one of the essential oils with antioxidant activity that can reduce levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). An acute single bout of eccentric exercise (ASBEE) is an acute exercise activity that can lead to increased ROS and cause skeletal muscle injury. This study aimed to assess the effect of peppermint oil in experimental animals induced with ASBEE with the purpose to measure catalase, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) blood and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) expression of skeletal muscle cells. A total of 30 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 20-24 weeks, weighing 160-350 g were divided into six groups i.e. T1 (n =5), T2 (n =4) and T3 (n =5) given peppermint oil orally at different dose of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg, respectively, one hour before inducing with ASBEE; C0 (n=5) not given peppermint oil and not induced with ASBEE; CA (n=5) not given peppermint oil and induced with ASBEE and CE (n=5) given vitamin E 400 mg/kg one h before induced with ASBEE. ASBEE induction was done by downhill running on a rat treadmill -50 with a load index of 70% VO2 max for 30 min. Twenty four h after induction of ASBEE, blood samples and muscle tissue were taken for examination of catalase, H2O2 and GLUT-4 expression. The results showed increased levels of blood catalase and decreased blood H2O2 levels in groups T1, T2, T3, and CE. The opposite occurred in the group CA. The GLUT-4 expression did not show any significant difference between groups. It was concluded that peppermint oil can improve the condition of oxidative stress caused by ASBEE. |
| 2018 | Heme Polymerization Inhibition by Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A.Gray Leaves Fractions as Antiplasmodial Agent and Its Cytotoxicity on Vero Cells | Rul Afiyah Syarif, Mustofa Mustofa, Ngatidjan Ngatidjan, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Previous research revealed that the extracts and fractions of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A.Gray leaves had antiplasmodial activity in vitro. For further development as an antiplasmodial agent, the mechanisms of action and safety of compounds are important to disclose. Heme polymerization inhibition is one of the main targets of antiplasmodial action. The aim of the study was to investigate the activity of T. diversifolia fractions in inhibiting heme polymerization and its cytotoxic effect on Vero cells. Heme polymerization inhibition assay from Bassilico and cytotoxic test on Vero cell using MTT method were conducted for three fractions (F5, F6, and F7) of T. diversifolia leaves. The inhibitory activity of heme polymerization expressed as IC50 and cytotoxicity effect expressed as CC50 were determined by probit analysis. The best heme polymerization inhibition activity was F5 with IC50 = 162.20 ± 57.81 μg/mL followed by F6 and F7 with IC50 216.30 ± 26.56 and 231.54 ± 44.26 μg/mL respectively. All the fractions had a low cytotoxic effect with CC50 for F5, F6, and F7 were over than 100, 34.81 ± 9.94 and 56.26 ± 6.73 μg/mL, respectively and the toxicity index fraction is below 10 or categorized as low selectivity. Conclusion: The fraction of T. diversifolia inhibited heme polymerization in vitro and had low cytotoxic effect on Vero cells but no selective toxicity. Further research using pure compounds may improve its selectivity. |
| 2018 | Bioactivity Screening of Erechtites valerianifolia (Link Ex Wolf.) Less. Extracts as Antiplasmodium, Antibacterial, Antifungal and Cytotoxic Agents | A.R. Puspaningtyas, S. Riyanto, E.N. Solikhah, P. Astuti | Indonesia’s rich natural resources have encouraged many researchers to explore their potential for finding treatment of endemic diseases and malignancy. One of these resources is Erechtites valerianifolia (Link Ex Wolf.) Less. Ex DC or "Jonggolan" (Indonesian name), a member of the family Asteraceae was collected from Meru Betiri Forest. Empirical evidence reveals the use of this plant to treat fever, diarrhea, tonsillitis, wounds, and eczema. A study in 2015 reported that the family Asteraceae passed the test of antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Yet, scientific information about E. valerianifolia has not been optimally explored, and studies of this plant are even very limited. Considering the background, this study was aimed to conduct bioactivity screenings of E. valerianifolia extracts as antiplasmodial, antibacterial, antifungal and was anticancer/cytotoxic agents. Extract was obtained through percolation method using hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as the solvents. Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were used as the antibacterial testing microorganisms. Candida albicans was the antifungal testing microorganism. The results showed that extracts, at a concentration of maximum 1000 ppm, were less active than the positive-control amoxicillin for antibacterial activities and ketoconazole for antifungal agents. Inhibition zones of E. valerianifolia extracts were invisible when compared to the positive controls. The screening of antiplasmodial (P. falciparum FCR3) activity indicated that IC50 of ethyl acetate extract was 117.122 µg/ml and was considered the best among other extracts. The cytotoxicity study on MCF 7, WiDr and Hela cell lines showed that the four extracts tested had good cytotoxicity with IC50 < 30 µg/ml. |
| 2018 | Efek Antifibrotik Ekstrak Etanol Nerium indicum Mill. dengan Marker 5α-Oleandrin pada Sel Fibroblas Keloid | Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Fara Silvia Yuliani, Dwiki Yuliya Rahmawati, Annisa Nurul Pratiwi | Keloid adalah lesi kulit yang diakibatkan oleh proliferasi fibroblas abnormal dan pengendapan kolagen pada proses penyembuhan luka. Terapi medis untuk keloid relatif terbatas dan sebagian besar memiliki beberapa efek samping. Studi baru-baru ini menunjukkan bahwa 5α-oleandrin dari Nerium indicum Mill. (N. indicum) memiliki efek anti keloid dengan menghambat (proliferasi, aktivitas migrasi dan ekspresi TGF-β1) fibroblas keloid. Penelitian lanjut dengan ekstrak N. indicum dengan marker 5α-oleandrin perlu dilakukan untuk mengembangkannya sebagai agen anti keloid dengan melihat hambatan proliferasi, timbunan kolagen, dan migrasi fibroblas keloid. Aktivitas antifibrotik ekstrak N. indicum terhadap proliferasi fibroblas keloid diukur dengan MTT assay, sedangkan timbunan kolagen diamati dengan metode Sirius Red. Pengamatan migrasi fibroblas keloid dengan metode scratch assay menurut Liang et al. (2009). Ekstrak etanol N. indicum dengan marker 5α-oleandrin dapat menghambat proliferasi fibroblas keloid dengan IC50 0.458 µg/mL, juga menghambat timbunan kolagen dengan IC50 0.055 µg/mL pada inkubasi selama 72 jam. Pada inkubasi 48 jam setelah pemberian ekstrak etanol 1.0 µg/mL terjadi penghambatan migrasi secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol. |
| 2018 | The antifibrotic effect of isolate tagitinin C from tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray on keloid fibroblast cell | Imaniar Ranti, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Yohannes Widodo Wirohadidjojo | Introduction: Keloids characterized by fibroblast hyperproliferation and depositions of collagen which similar to cancer cells. Tagitinin C is a class of sesquiterpene lactones (SLS) was isolated from the leaves of the moon flower Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray. The previous studies show that tagitinin C has a cytotoxic effect on selective skin cancer cell. The study aim is to evaluate the effects of tagitinin C from Tithonia diversifolia to keloid fibroblasts (KF). Methods: Monolayer cultures of keloid fibroblast (three passages) were treated with 8 serial concentration of tagitinin C (0.015 to 2) μg/mL during 72 and 120 hours. A positive control using mitomycin C. Cellular viabilities were measured by MTT assay. Collagen depositions were measured by Sirius Red assay for nonsoluble collagen. Results: The reading of the result was conducted by ELISA reader. Data were analyzed by probit regression with SPSS 19 for Windows. The result showed that tagitinin C can inhibit keloid fibroblasts (KF) viability with IC50 0.122 μg/mL (incubation 72h) and 0.039 μg/mL (120h), whereas mitomycin C IC50 0.120 μg/mL (72h) and IC50 of 0.100 μg/mL (120h). At IC50 concentration of tagitinin C on keloid collagen deposition 53.1% (72h) and 44.3% (120h), whereas the IC50 concentration of mitomycin C on keloid collagen deposition 60.4% (72h) and 52.1% (120h). Selectivity index tagitinin C on normal fibroblasts (NF) is 287 for 72h incubation and 791 for 120h incubation. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ability of tagitinin C inhibits KF viability and decreasing keloid collagen deposition is consistent with the concentration (concentration-dependent) and incubation time (time-dependent). Tagitinin C has a low toxicity level on NF with high selectivity index. |
| 2018 | Fermented Rice Bran Extract Improves Dyslipidemia in Rodents | Bira Arumndari Nurrahma, Mega Febia Suryajayanti, Anggi Laksmita Dewi, Zunamilla Khairia, Rio Jati Kusuma, Perdana S.T. Suyoto | Purpose The study aims to investigate the potency of fermented rice bran extract as anti-hypercholesterolemia product by looking at its effect on lipid profile levels and blood glucose levels in dyslipidemia model rats. Design/methodology/approach Rice bran was fermented using Rhizopus oligosporus-contained tempeh mold extracted using distilled water. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were divided into a control group and hypercholesterolemia groups. Hypercholesterolemia, also known as dyslipidemia, was induced with fructose-supplemented high-fat diet. Rats induced with dyslipidemia received three different fermented rice bran extract doses, 0 (negative) 1102.5 mg/kgBW/day (FRBE 1) and 2205 mg/kgBW/day (FRBE 2). Blood was collected before and after four weeks of treatment for lipid profile and blood glucose analysis. Findings FRBE 2 had significantly lower total cholesterol (101.6 ± 3.3 vs 187.6 ± 3.7 mg/dL), triglyceride (83.3 ± 2.8 vs 130.7 ± 3.4 mg/dL) and LDL level (27.9 ± 1.7 vs 76.7 ± 1.5 mg/dL) but higher HDL level (64.1 ± 3.0 vs 25.5 ± 1.2 mg/dL) compared to the negative group (p < 0.001). Provision of fermented rice bran showed dose-response relationship in all blood lipid markers. Originality/value This study was the first to investigate the effectivity of Rhizopus sp.-fermented rice bran extract to improve glucose and lipid profile. |
| 2018 | Effects of Centella asiatica L. Capsul on Muscle Disfunction on Elderly People | I Dewa Putu Pramantara, Nyoman Nyoman Kertia, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Nur Arfian | Pegagan (Centella asiatica L) has been traditionally used to treat wounds, disordered nerve system, blood circulation, and prevent muscle disorders. Extract of Pegagan was considered safe and non-toxic as the acuut and chronic toxicity tests on male SD rats were not significant. It meant that further study was potential to be proceeded. Study of C.asiatica on muscle function of the elderly has not been done, therefore this study is aimed to observe effects of C.asiatica extract on muscle masses, holding hands, walking speed (4.57 meter), walking test (6 minutes), and Time Up and Go test of the elderly. This study is designed for clinical double blind study with 2 groups of people, these are C. asiatica (18 people) treated with capsul (550 mg C. asiatica extract/day for 90 days) and placebo (17 people). This study is performed in the RSUP Dr. Sardjito hospital at the geriatric division. Subjects for this study were healthy elderly people and fit with the criteria of subjects for experiment. Result of the study, muscle masses do not decrease and all the measurements are not different with that of placebo. Except that the walking speed (6 minutes) of the treated subjects is better than that of the placebo. The conclusion of the study, the capsul containing C. asiatica extract (550 mg, once a day for 90 days) increases the strengh of hands holding, and the walking test (6 minutes) almost twice better than that of the placebo although the muscle masses does not increase significantly. |
| 2017 | Aktivitas Larvisida Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Rimpang Zingiber zerumbet(L) Smith terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti | Tri Murini, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, Achmad Fudholi | Saat ini ditemukan bahwa larva nyamuk telah resisten terhadap larvisida konvensional. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk mengembangkan larvisida baru dari sumber bahan alam seperti rimpang Z. zerumbet, pada penelitian yang sebelumnya berpotensi sebagai larvisida pada Artemia salina Leach dan Anopheles nunestovary. Aktivitas larvisida ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet yang telah dipurifikasi belum pernah diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji aktivitas larvisida ekstrak terpurifikasi rimpang Z. zerumbet terhadap larva Ae. aegypti. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplorasi laboratories dengan rancangan post test-only control group. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada dua ekstrak yaitu ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet dan ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet yang dipurifikasi dengan petroleum eter (PE). Dua puluh lima larva instar III-IV Ae. aegypti dipapar dengan tujuh konsentrasi yang berbeda dari ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet. Tingkat kematian larva dihitung dan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan regresi analisa probit untuk mendapatkan LC50. Setelah mengetahui LC50 tersebut, studi dilanjutkan dengan purifikasi ekstrak metanol Z. zerumbet menggunakan PE sebagai pelarut. Hasil ekstrak yang telah dipurifikasi baik yang larut maupun tidak larut PE diperlakukan pada larva instar III-IV Ae.aegypti menggunakan metode yang sama seperti yang disebutkan terdahulu. Nilai LC50 ekstrak metanol, larut PE dan tidak larut PE hasil purifikasi ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet adalah 153,57±4,01 ppm; 67,01±2,35 ppm; dan 2287±147,91 ppm. Purifikasi ekstrak metanol rimpang Z. zerumbet yang larut PE memiliki aktivitas larvisida yang kuat terhadap larva instar III-IV Ae. aegypti dan mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan larvisida baru. |
| 2017 | Comparison of Methanol, Ethyl Acetates and Chloroform Extracts of Zingiber zerumbet (L) Smith in Larvisidal Activities on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidee) Larvae | Tri Murini, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Tri Baskoro T.Satoto | The resistance of mosquito larvae to conventional larvicides has been increased in the recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new larvacides from natural materials. Previous studies showed that Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith has a potential ability as a larvicide in Artemia salina Leach and Anopheles nunestovary. Nevertheless, the use of different solvents to observe the best larvicidal activity has not been known. This study aims to assess the larvicidal activity of methanol extract, ethyl acetate, and chloroform in Aedes aegypti larvae. This is an exploratory laboratory study with the posttest-only control group. The extraction solvents used were methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform. Twenty-five instar larvae (III-IV) of Ae.aegypti were treated with seven different concentrations of the three Z. rhizome extracts. The mortality rate of the larvae was calculated and analyzed using probit analysis regression to obtain LC50 and LC90 values. The LC50 of the methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform extracts are 153.57, 185.80, 3542.03 ppm; while the LC90 are 226.59, 274.70, and 5567.24 ppm, respectively. The study suggested that the methanol extract of Z. zerumbet rhizome has the most robust larvicidal activity against third-fourth instar larvae of Ae. aegypti among other extracts. |
| 2017 | Effect of Tithonia Diversifolia (Hemsley) A.Gray and Curcuma Domestica Val Extracts Combination Against Nodule and Body Weight In Cancer Rats Model | Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Wahyu Nur Halimah, Woro Rukmi Prtiwi | Kembang bulan [Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray] is a potentially anticancer plants that have been previously shown have cytotoxics effect on WiDr colon cancer cells, IC50=61.55µg/mL. Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) is widely used in traditional medicine. Curcuminoids compounds from turmeric have potential anticancer activity with possibly modulate immune function mediated by lymphocytes. With the immunostimulant effect of turmeric when mixed with kembang bulan as an anticancer candidate is expected to synergize better. This study aims to determine the potential of T. diversifolia and C. domestica ethanolic extracts combination in cancer rats model by measuring weight, number of nodules, and nodule volume animals. The study was a quasi-experimental study. Mixed 70% ethanol extract of kembang bulan’s leaves and turmeric’s rhizome divided into 3 doses, 40:150mg, 80:150mg, and 160:150mg. Then it given to each group of rats by orally that had experienced breast cancer . After that, see potential on body weight, number of nodules, and nodule volume. Then compared with normal group, negative control group, and positive control group. Furthermore, the percentage change in each treatment group were compared and statistically tested using ANOVA analysis. Comparison of the results of rat’s body weight between the control group (doxorubicin) and test group showed significantly no different results. Comparison of the results of rat’s breast cancer nodule volume between the control group and the test group showed significantly no different results. A combination of 70% ethanol extract of kembang bulan’s leaves and turmeric’s rhizome have no significant effect on body weight and breast cancer nodules. |
| 2017 | Inventarisasi Tumbuhan Bawah Berkhasiat Obat di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango Provinsi Jawa Barat Berbasiskan Analisis Spasial | Yanieta Arbiastutie, Djoko Marsono, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih, Rishadi Purwanto | Diversity of biological resources in primary forest is not only limited to the woody plant species, but also covered by underground plant which has diverse species high diversity. This underground plant as one part of the forest ecosystem is a plant that has potential as a medicine. The study aims to conduct an inventory of underground plant species in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park West Java Province. The method for inventory used spasial analysis with land management unit and multi stage sampling. The spasial analysis used three categories, first the zonation map, second the soil characterization map and the third altitude map. The LMU consist of 6 areas with total plot number 60. The results showed there are 83 species underground plant consist of 45 family. The family consist of Acanthaceae, Annonaceae, Apiaceae, Apocynaceae, Araceae, Araliaceae, Aspleniaceae, Asteraceae, Balsaminaceae, Begoniaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Cyperaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Equisetaceae, Fabaceae, Gesneriaceae, Gramineae, Hypoxidaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Marattiaceae, Melastomataceae, Menispermaceae, Moraceae, Musaceae, Myrsinaceae, Oxalidaceae, Passifloraceae, Piperaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygalaceae, Primulaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae, Sellagineaeeae, Smilaceae, Solanaceae, Symplocaceae, Urticaceae, Verbenaceae, Woodsiaceae, Zingiberaceae. The underground plant has a potential as medicinal plant. |
| 2016 | Efek Kurkumin terhadap Sekresi Estrogen dan Ekspresi Reseptor Estrogen β Kultur Sel Granulosa Babi Folikel Sedang | Rul Afiyah Syarif, Sri Kadarsih Soejono, Edy Meiyanto, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Kurkumin merupakan senyawa yang diisolasi dari Curcuma longa L. Secara empirik C. longa L dikonsumsi masyarakat selama folikulogenesis untuk mencegah kehamilan. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan sel granulosa tergantung pada FSH, LH, PGF2α, estrogen dan reseptor estrogen β (ERβ). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji efek kurkumin terhadap sekresi estrogen dan ekspresi ERβ pada sel granulosa babi folikel sedang yang dirangsang FSH, LH dan PGF2α. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan post test-only control group. Sel granulosa diisolasi dari folikel ukuran sedang ovarium babi dan disubkultur dalam medium kultur. Penelitian  dilakukan pada  16 kelompok yang terbagi dalam 4 kelompok perangsangan (sel granulosa tidak dirangsang apapun, dirangsang FSH atau LH atau PGF2). Empat kelompok perangsangan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok tidak diberi perlakuan dan kelompok diberi kurkumin 3 peringkat konsentrasi. Kadar estrogen dan ekspresi ERβ sel granulosa dianalisa secara enzyme immuneassay. Kadar estrogen dan ekspresi ERβ pada kelompok yang diberi kurkumin tidak berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok kontrol (p>0,05). Kadar estrogen dan ekspresi ERβ pada kelompok yang dirangsang FSH atau LH dan diberi kurkumin berkonsentrasi rendah lebih rendah bermakna daripada tanpa diberi kurkumin (p<0,05). Kadar estrogen sel granulosa yang dirangsang PGF2α dan diberi kurkumin lebih tinggi bermakna daripada tanpa kurkumin (p0,05). Kurkumin mampu menurunkan estrogen dan ekspresi ERβ sel granulosa yang dirangsang FSH atau LH dari folikel babi ukuran sedang. Dengan demikian, kurkumin dapat mengganggu folikulogenesis dan berpotensi sebagai agen antifertilitas. |
| 2016 | Indonesian medicinal plants as sources of secondary metabolites for pharmaceutical industry | Eti Nurwening Sholikhah | Medicinal plants are widely used in traditional medicine in both underdeveloped and developing countries in the word until now. Some secondary metabolites isolated from medicinal plants have been developed as modern drugs. New antimalarial artemisinin is an example of modern medicine that developed from Artemisia annua L, a plant used in China since 4,000 years ago. Indonesia is endowed with a rich natural resource. The biodiversity comprises thousands plant species. Therefore, Indonesian flora and fauna are a remarkable opportunity for the development of secondary metabolites for pharmaceutical industry. The Indonesian National Agency for Drug and Food Control, Republic of Indonesia (Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan, Republik Indonesia = BPOM RI) classifies traditional medicine into three classes, namely jamu (Indonesian indigenous traditional medicine), standardized herbal medicine and phytopharmaca based on its scientific evidences. The BPOM also determined 9 medicinal plants for focusing research for drug development. This paper discusses some secondary metabolites and their pharmacological activities of the following 9 selected Indonesian medicinal plants namely Piper retrofractum Vahl, Andrographis paniculata Ness, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, Psidium guajava L, Syzigium polyanthi, Morinda citrifolia, Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk, Zingiber officinale, and Curcuma domestica collected from various publications. Furthermore, several modern drugs derived from medicinal plants are also discussed. |
| 2016 | Acute and sub chronic oral toxicity study of Antangin Fit in rats and its immunostimulatory activity | Eti Nurwening Sholikhah, Mahardika Agus Wijayanti, Mustofa Mustofa | Antangin Fit is Indonesian herbal medicine syrup which containing: Zingiber officinale, Phyllanthus niruri, Curcuma domestica, Blumea balsamifera, honey, and Menthae piperitae oil. This study was conducted to evaluate the acute and sub chronic oral toxicity of Antangin Fit in rats and the immunostimulatory activity in mice. The acute toxicity study was conducted on 50 Wistar rats, divided into 4 treatment groups and 1 control. The Antangin Fit syrup with dose of 4.7, 7.52, 12.03, and 19.25 mL kg-1 was administered as a single dose orally. Each animal was observed for the first 24 h and continued for 14 days. There were no significant toxic effects and no death observed until the end of the study, showed that the lethal dose 50% (LD50) of Antangin Fit was > 19.25 mL kg-1. The subchronic toxicity study was conducted on 80 Wistar rats. The Antangin Fit syrup with doses of 4.7, 9.5, and 19.25 mL kg-1 day-1 for each treatment group were administered for 90 days orally. There were no significant toxic effects observed at all dose. The immunostimulatory activity was observed on the ability of macrophage to stimulate phagocytic activity and secretion of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROI), and lymphocyte proliferation on 80 male Swiss mice. The Antangin Fit syrup at dose of 18.36 kg-1 day-1 stimulate nonspecific phagocytic activity of normal mouse peritoneal macrophages. Phagocytic and production of ROI by peritoneal macrophages and lymphoproliferative response also increase during Listeria monocytogenes infection. These findings indicated the immunostimulatory activity of Antangin Fit. |
| 2016 | Isolation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Lauric Acid from Crude Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera L.) | Febri Odel Nitbani, Jumina, Dwi Siswanta, Eti Nurwening Solikhah | Isolation of lauric acid from crude coconut oil (CCO) has been done. Neutralization of CCO using 30% Na2CO3 solution could decrease its acid value from 1.69 to 0.48. Transesterification reactions of neutral coconut oil with methanol and K2CO3 at 55 °C in 3 hours produced methyl laurate in 52% purity. Methyl laurate with 87% purity could be isolated by fractionatal distillation at 130-140 °C. Hydrolysis of methyl laurate with NaOH produced solid lauric acidin 84% yield. Lauric acid at 5% concentration could inhibit the growth of all bacteria tested but it is still lower than Ciprofloxacin. |
| 2016 | The Effect of Pumpkin on Glp-1 and Homa-Β in Hypercholesterolemic Rats | Sunarti Sunarti, Dianandha Septiana Rubi, Ahmad Hamim Sadewa | Background and aim: High fat and fructose diet may impair β cell function through oxidative stress that is induced by subsequent hypercholesterolemia. The β cell function is usually quantified by homeostatic model assessment beta-cell function (HOMA-β). Oxidative stress may be decreased by β-carotene from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pumpkin powder on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP- 1) level and HOMA-β in rats with high fat and fructose diet. Material and method: A total 25 rats were administered a high fat and fructose diet during 25 days. They were divided into five groups 1) normal, 2) hypercholesterolemic rats 3) hypercholesterolemic rats with 0.16 g pumpkin/200g bodyweight (BW); 4) hypercholesterolemic rats with 0.32 g pumpkin /200 g BW, and 5) hypercholesterolemic rats with 0.64 g of pumpkin/200 g BW. The lipid levels were measured before and after administration of pumpkin for 4 weeks, and at the end of the study, GLP-1 level and HOMA-β were analyzed. Results: Administration of pumpkin to the rats on a high fat and fructose diet reduced total cholesterol, triglyceride, and increased HDL levels. Changes were positively correlated with the amount of pumpkin intake. The decrease of cholesterol levels was positively associated with GLP-1 level, and negatively correlated with HOMA-β Conclusions: This study suggested that pumpkin can improve the HOMA-β and decrease GLP-1 levels, possibly by reducing cholesterol levels. |
| 2016 | Goat milk kefir with black rice extract reduced insulin resistance through suppressing RBP4 expression in diabetic rats | Sunarti, Nurliyani, Dianandha Septianac Rubi, Diahc Wahyuni, Ahmad Hamim Sadewa | BACKGROUND: High anthocyanin in black rice ameliorates hyperglycemia and insulin resistance through improving GLUT4-RBP4 system and lipid profile. Activity of anthocyanin will increase during the fermentation process. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of goat milk kefir supplemented with black rice extract on blood glucose, lipid profile, HOMA-IR and RBP4 gene expression in diabetic rats. METHOD: Twenty five male Spargue Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: 1) normal rats; 2) diabetic rats; 3) diabetic rats +1 mL of kefir/200 g body weight (BW); 4) diabetic rats +2 mL of kefir/200 g BW; and 5) diabetic rats +4 mL of kefir/200 g BW. Blood glucose levels were measured before and after intervention, whereas lipid profile, HOMA-IR and RBP4 gene expression in white adipose tissue were analyzed at the end of intervention. RESULTS: The blood glucose, lipid profile, HOMA-IR, and RBP4 gene expression in diabetic rats and diabetic rats with kefir were significantly different (p < 0.05). The diabetic rats with kefir had lowered blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, RBP4 gene expression, and HOMA-IR, and conversely HDL levels were higher than in diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS: Goat milk kefir supplemented with black rice extract reduced insulin resistance through improving lipid profile and suppressing RBP4 expression in diabetic rats. |
| 2016 | The effect of combined doxorubicin and Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk. on apoptosis induction in human breast cancer cell | Dina Fatmawati, Sofia Mubarika, Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih | Chemotherapy for breast cancer is largely ineffective, but innovative combinations of chemotherapeutic agents and natural compounds represent a promising strategy. In our present study, the combination of Doxorubicin (Dox) and ethanol extract of Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk. tuber was found to have a synergistic effect on T47D human breast cancer cell line. In this study, we investigated the apoptotic effect of the combination on T47D human breast cancer cells and normal fibroblasts cell line and its effects on the expression of Caspase-3 and cleaved poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (cPARP-1) protein. Methods: T47D cell lines and fibroblasts cells were treated with the combination of Dox and ethanol extract of Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk. Apoptotic effect of the combination was determined using flow cytometry assay. Protein expressions were determined by immunocytochemistry staining. Results: The percentage of apoptotic cells were significantly higher in T47D cell lines (77.78 %) than that of in fibroblast cells (23 %) (p < 0.05). The expression of Caspase 3 (84.53 %) and cPARP-1 (83.36 %) were significantly higher in the cancer cell lines than those of normal cells (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that the combination of doxorubicin and Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk. is a promising candidate for the treatment of breast cancer cells. |
| 2016 | Sitotoxicity of Compound Isolated from the Leaves of Tithonia Diversifolia (Hemsley) A.Gray) against T47d, Mcf-7 And Evsa-T Cells | Arfian Bela Mahardika, Subagus Wahyuono, Mae Sri Hartanti Wahyuningsih | Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray) is one of the plants that are traditionally used to treat various diseases. The previous studies using Bioassay Guided Isolation methods has obtained the active compound (MTT, HeLa cells; IC50 9.776 g / mL). The cytotoxic effects of active compounds against breast cancer cells is unknown. This study aims to determine the cytotoxicity of theactive compound isolated from the leaves of T. diversifolia on breast cancer cells (T47D; MCF-7 and EVSA-T). The isolated compounds from T. diversifolia tested their cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (T47D, MCF-7 and EVSA-T), using MTT method with a series of concentration of 0.39 to 50 ug/mL. Each concentration of the group performed triplicate and calculated the percentage of cell growth inhibition with probit analysis to calculate the IC50 value. The test results showed that the active compound have a cytotoxic effect on T47D, MCF-7 and EVSA-T cells with IC50 values are respectively (2.44; 4.697; 3.522) ug/mL, so this compound potential to be developed as an anticancer agent, especially breastcancer |
| 2016 | Sagittaria latifolia (Willd.)–Syzygium aromaticum (Linn.)’s combination attenuates neo-intimal thickening, leukocytes adhesion and vascular smooth muscle migration in carotid artery ligation model in Sprague dawley rat | Citra Septiani, Riyana Rochmawati, Fitri Hidayati, Mulya Sungkawati, Ayu Safitri, Nur Arfian | Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease that leads to Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVD). Neo-intimal formation is an early injury occurred in atherosclerosis which is characterized by leukocyte adhesion, sub-intimal thickening and vascular smooth muscle cells migration. Sagittaria latifolia–Syzygium aromaticum’s combination (Kanjeng Bulatir; KB) is commonly used in rural area of Majalengka to threat CVD, although the underlying mechanism is not well understood. This study is to elucidate the effectivity of Kanjeng Bulatir in neo-intimal formation of carotid artery especially its effect in inflammation response. We induced carotid artery ligation for model of neo-intimal formation in Sprague dawley rat. The rats were divided into four groups, A: control or Sham peration (SO) without ligation, B: carotid ligation for 28 d, C: carotid ligation and KB administration for 28 d and D: carotid ligation then KB administration in 14 d to 28 d. The result showed neo-intimal thickening reduction in group C and D while B has the thickest one. Leukocyte adhesion happen in group B, C, D then decrease in group C and D. In group B, elastic lamina was destructed; leads smooth muscle cells (SMC) migrate to sub-intimal area. This study provides evidence that KB might attenuate neo-intimal formation in vascular injury by decreasing neointima thickening, leukocyte adhesion and vascular smooth muscle cells migration. |
| 2016 | Efek Minyak Esensial Lavender Dibandingkan dengan Minyak Esensial Jahe terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Menstruasi pada Remaja | Wasis Pujiati, Mae Sri Hartati W, Elsi Dwi Hapsari | Background: Menstrual pain is the pain in the abdomen which is perceived before or during menstruation, that even when the menstrual pain is heavily painful, the sufferers leave their activities. Research in 2011 showed that the rate of occurrence of primary menstrual pain in Indonesian adolescences was about 54.89%. Various therapies have been used to cure the pain, both pharmacologically and nonpharmacologically. Pharmacologically, it is done by the usage of NSAID, and non-pharmacologically is done by using essential oil. Objective: To know about the effects of lavender essential oil compared to ginger essential oil toward the intensity of menstrual pain in the adolescences of SHS 1 Muncar. Method: True experimental design, with randomized pretest posttest design plan. Time of data retrieval was August-September 2014 in SMA 1 Muncar, Banyuwangi, East Java. Population in this research were female adolescences in class of X and XI, with the amount of 260 students, with samples’ amount of 30 for each treatment group. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. The dependent variable are the giving of lavender and ginger essential oils, meanwhile the independent variable are the reduction of the intensity of menstrual pain. Instrument which was used was Numerical Rating Scale. The data analysis used the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney Test. Result and Discussion: The intensity of pain before and after intervention of essential oil of lavender and ginger are 5,47±1,19 vs 2,93±1,53, P=0,00 and 5,40±0,96 vs 2,93±1,43, P=0,00, respectively. Comparison of the effects essential oil of lavender and ginger have P >0,05. Conclusion: Both lavender essential oil and ginger essential oil are effective in reducing the intensity of menstrual pain in adolescences. |
| 2016 | Antiplasmodial Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Artemisia Annua, L. | Indah Purwantini, Wahyono, Mustofa, Ratna A Susidarti, Eti N Sholikhah, Rani A N Hestiyan | Objective: This research will observed the kinetics of fungi’s growth and the ability of endophytic fungi IP-2 and IP-6 to inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum strain FCR-3. Methods: IP-2 and IP-6 were fermented in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium for 14 days at room temperature and sampling was done every 24 hours to obtain biomass. Specific growth rate (µ) was estimated from biomass during logarithmic phase and compared for different microorganisms. The extract of medium fermentation was obtained by extracted using ethyl acetate and then evaporated untill sticky in its consistency. The extracts were subjected to antiplasmodial activity using continuous culture of P. falciparum method which developed by Trager and Jensen. Upon reaching the desired parasitaemia, the culture was synchronized refer to Lambros and Vanderberg method. Antiplasmodial assay was performed for 72 hours. At the end of incubation, parasitaemia was determined using Giemsa-stained thin blood smears and observed using microscope. The potency of antiplasmodial activity was expressed as IC50 which calculated by probit analysis. Results: Result showed that specific growth rate for IP-2 and IP-6 were 0.04 h -1 and 0.01 h -1 . Both endophytic fungi had activity as an antiplasmodial with IC50 values 42.58±5.65 and 30.08±4.73 µg/mL respectively. Conclusion: IP-2 showed faster growth rate than IP-6. At 168 hours of fermentation, growth rate of IP-2 entered stationary phase while IP-6 216 hours. Endophytic fungi IP-2 and IP-6 demonstrated antiplasmodial activity with a moderate level according to Gessler criteria. Both of endophytic fungi have a great potential to be further investigated. |
